{"id":11788,"date":"2020-10-19T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-19T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11788"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"crispr-duo-wins-nobel-prize-2020-for-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/es\/crispr-duo-wins-nobel-prize-2020-for-chemistry\/","title":{"rendered":"El d\u00fao CRISPR se roba el show: Premio Nobel de Qu\u00edmica 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"

La precisi\u00f3n es la marca de un cient\u00edfico. Emmanuelle Charpentier y Jennifer Doudna descubrieron la revolucionaria herramienta de la tecnolog\u00eda gen\u00e9tica llamada CRISPR\/Cas9, \"las tijeras gen\u00e9ticas\". Las pioneras, Emmanuelle Charpentier y Jennifer Doudna, de esta herramienta que cambia la vida han sido galardonadas con el Premio Nobel de Qu\u00edmica 2020. Su invenci\u00f3n en 2012 dio lugar a innumerables descubrimientos en campos importantes como la investigaci\u00f3n del c\u00e1ncer, la investigaci\u00f3n de las plantas y la b\u00fasqueda de curas para enfermedades hereditarias. La herramienta CRISPR\/Cas9 ha facilitado la edici\u00f3n de secuencias gen\u00e9ticas en el lugar exacto y en menos tiempo. Su descubrimiento ha transformado la perspectiva hacia las ciencias de la vida. Es un pelda\u00f1o para la nueva era de la gen\u00e9tica que beneficiar\u00e1 a los vivos.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 es CRISPR\/Cas9 y c\u00f3mo se descubri\u00f3?<\/span><\/h2>\n

CISPR\/CAS9 es una herramienta de edici\u00f3n de genes que se utiliza para cortar una secuencia de ADN en el lugar exacto de inter\u00e9s. CRISPR es la sigla de Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (repeticiones palindr\u00f3micas cortas agrupadas y regularmente espaciadas) y Cas9 es una enzima que ayuda a cortar la secuencia. El CRISPR tiene dos caracter\u00edsticas principales: los repetidores de nucle\u00f3tidos y los espaciadores. Por lo general, en el CRISPR, las secuencias de nucle\u00f3tidos act\u00faan como cadena de plantilla para transcribir un ARN complementario, que finalmente se denomin\u00f3 ARN CRISPR (ARN cr). Emmanuelle Charpentier y Jennifer Doudna fueron las primeras en descubrir estos espaciadores y repetidores. Tambi\u00e9n descubrieron que la enzima Cas9 que ayudaba a cortar la secuencia de ADN se un\u00eda a otras mol\u00e9culas de ARN. Las dos mol\u00e9culas, el ARN cr y el ARN cr transactivador, ayudaban a la Cas9 a cortar en el sitio objetivo de la doble cadena de ADN.<\/span><\/p>\n

El descubrimiento lo hizo Emmanuelle Charpentier mientras observaba el mecanismo inmunitario de la bacteria estreptococo contra el virus. El hecho que m\u00e1s le intrig\u00f3 fue c\u00f3mo una mol\u00e9cula de ARN encontrada en la bacteria ten\u00eda un c\u00f3digo gen\u00e9tico muy similar al CRISPR de la bacteria. Tras analizar las dos secuencias, se descubri\u00f3 que la mol\u00e9cula de ARN coincid\u00eda con la parte repetitiva del CRISPR. Al seguir investigando, descubri\u00f3 que esta peque\u00f1a mol\u00e9cula de ARN activaba la secuencia de ARN en presencia de Cas9. La secuencia de ARN era el resultado de la secuencia CRISPR. Esta mol\u00e9cula se denomin\u00f3 ARN CRISPR transactivador. Cuando una bacteria es infectada por un virus, la bacteria a\u00f1ade el ADN viral en su genoma en la regi\u00f3n CRISPR como memoria. Esto ayuda a la bacteria a evitar nuevas infecciones. Este ADN CRISPR se copia entonces para crear ARN CRISPR que se supone que se escinde para formar ADN viral que ayudar\u00eda a reconocer el ADN viral extra\u00f1o.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00e1s tarde, Jennifer Doudna analiz\u00f3 si este ADN viral pod\u00eda ser identificado utilizando el ARN CRISPR y la mol\u00e9cula enzim\u00e1tica Cas9. Despu\u00e9s de varios experimentos no pudieron seguir identific\u00e1ndolo y se dieron cuenta de que faltaba algo. Por ello, la siguiente vez que realizaron el experimento, se a\u00f1adi\u00f3 tambi\u00e9n la mol\u00e9cula de ARN transactivador cr que hab\u00eda descubierto Emmanuelle. Para su sorpresa, se identific\u00f3 el ADN viral, lo que condujo a la nueva era que se avecinaba.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hoy en d\u00eda, CRISPR\/Cas9 ha dado un nuevo enfoque a la vida. Se est\u00e1 utilizando en varios campos de la ciencia. Esta herramienta ha sido evolutiva en las ciencias m\u00e9dicas. Hoy en d\u00eda, los investigadores est\u00e1n trabajando para acabar con los trastornos hereditarios que m\u00e1s han afectado a la humanidad. El otro campo en el que se utiliza esta herramienta es la agricultura para modificar las plantas y hacerlas resistentes a las infecciones, en el desarrollo de f\u00e1rmacos, en la terapia g\u00e9nica y en muchos otros. Con un uso reglamentario y \u00e9tico de esta herramienta, la humanidad puede experimentar un mundo sin l\u00edmites.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Referencia\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/chemistry\/2020\/popular-information\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11824,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nThe CRISPR DUO Steals The Show: Nobel Prize 2020 in Chemistry - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2020, many discoveries are accoladed with Nobel Prize and CRISPR DUO in Chemistry is one of them. 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