{"id":10456,"date":"2019-09-23T09:21:14","date_gmt":"2019-09-23T12:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=10456"},"modified":"2022-10-14T11:21:45","modified_gmt":"2022-10-14T14:21:45","slug":"immune-cell-signalling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/es\/senalizacion-celular-inmune\/","title":{"rendered":"Nuevos datos cient\u00edficos: El tiempo es la respuesta a la se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n de las c\u00e9lulas inmunitarias"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Los gl\u00f3bulos blancos son responsables de defender nuestro cuerpo contra las amenazas, manteni\u00e9ndonos vivos. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Pero, \u00bfc\u00f3mo se identifican estas c\u00e9lulas en una enfermedad? <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Dentro del cuerpo humano, con trilh\u00f5es de c\u00e9lulas, las mismas precisan ser espec\u00edficas y precisas. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">En caso contrario, vienen a atacarnos por dentro. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Esta responsabilidad recae sobre los ombros de las c\u00e9lulas T, agentes especializados en identificar ant\u00edgenos nocivos y marcarlos para ser destruidos. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Una de las principales preguntas sobre la sinalizaci\u00f3n de las c\u00e9lulas imunes es c\u00f3mo las c\u00e9lulas T distinguen nuestras propias c\u00e9lulas sanos y lo que es perjudicial para nosotros.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-10459\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/t-cell-activation.png\" alt=\"ativa\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00e9lulas t\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/t-cell-activation.png 1280w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/t-cell-activation-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/t-cell-activation-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/t-cell-activation-1024x768.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Durante el desarrollo, el cuerpo produce millones de c\u00e9lulas T con diferentes tipos de receptores de forma aleatoria. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Afinal, nuestro cuerpo no sabe exactamente lo que el futuro le reserva. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Pero hay un problema con esta estrategia. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Producimos c\u00e9lulas con receptores que identifican los p\u00e9ptidos que pertenecen al cuerpo. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Durante el desarrollo, eliminamos la mayor parte de las c\u00e9lulas T que se refieren a estas mol\u00e9culas \"pr\u00f3pias\". <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Sin embargo, algunos de ellos siguen circulando a lo largo de la vida, protegiendo contra c\u00e9lulas infectadas y anormales sin perjudicar al organismo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 impide que las c\u00e9lulas T marquen nuestras c\u00e9lulas sanos?<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Un nuevo art\u00edculo titulado Control optogen\u00e9tico muestra que la revisi\u00f3n cin\u00e9tica regula la actividad del receptor de c\u00e9lulas T y aporta nuevas evidencias para esta cuesti\u00f3n. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Weiner, uno de los autores de uno de los art\u00edculos, dijo a <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/immune-cells-measure-time-to-identify-foreign-proteins-20190603\/\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Revista Quanta<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> que \" <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">la c\u00e9lula podr\u00eda tener alguna manera de tomar diferencias muy, muy peque\u00f1as en la duraci\u00f3n de la liga del receptor y amplificarlas para una respuesta celular mucho mayor\".<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">La clave para la sinalizaci\u00f3n de las c\u00e9lulas imunes es el tiempo. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Las sustancias que se ligan a los receptores de las c\u00e9lulas T por menos de cinco segundos se consideran seguras, mientras que las mol\u00e9culas de ligadura m\u00e1s larga deben ser destruidas.<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Esta teor\u00eda, conocida como revisi\u00f3n cin\u00e9tica, no es nueva. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Desde la d\u00e9cada de los 90 algunos investigadores proponen el tiempo como clave para la identificaci\u00f3n. <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">No obstante, las pruebas de la hipot\u00e9tica encontraron correlaciones sugestivas entre el tiempo de liga y la activaci\u00f3n de las c\u00e9lulas T, exactamente igual que la revisi\u00f3n cin\u00e9tica, pero estos m\u00e9todos de prueba no consiguen separar el efecto del tiempo de los efectos de otros factores biof\u00edsicos, como las alteraciones de las mol\u00e9culas y las diferencias en la fuerza de liga. <\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Adem\u00e1s, los investigadores saben que se han tenido en cuenta muchos par\u00e1metros potencialmente importantes en el juego que no pueden medir o analizar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Nuevos datos optogen\u00e9ticos en la sinalizaci\u00f3n de las c\u00e9lulas imunes<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00a0La optogen\u00e9tica es un campo de investigaci\u00f3n que utiliza la luz para controlar las c\u00e9lulas. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hay cient\u00edficos que utilizan el m\u00e9todo para controlar las interacciones prote\u00edna-prote\u00edna en todos los tipos de estudios. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">En la actualidad, dos equipos de investigaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n utilizando esta tecnolog\u00eda para estudiar la sinalizaci\u00f3n de las c\u00e9lulas madre, uno con sede en Alemania y otro en S\u00e3o Francisco. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">A pesar de las diferencias entre estos dos estudios, los investigadores obtuvieron resultados similares: cuando un evento de liga duraba m\u00e1s de cinco segundos, la c\u00e9lula T se volv\u00eda activa, pero no consegu\u00eda hacerlo por nada menos que eso.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">No est\u00e1 claro por qu\u00e9 ocurre esto. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Pero los investigadores tienen un dato para responder que: \" <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">A partir del momento en que un receptor de c\u00e9lula T se liga a una mol\u00e9cula, una serie de etapas bioqu\u00edmicas irreversibles deben ocurrir antes de que la c\u00e9lula se active. Si la mol\u00e9cula se desprende muy cedo durante esta cascada de sinalizaci\u00f3n, todo tiene que recomenzar desde el primer paso\".\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Como siempre en la ciencia, una nueva respuesta genera nuevas preguntas. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Sabemos un poco m\u00e1s que antes, pero a\u00fan tenemos todo un universo desconocido por explorar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6577\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/start_get-mind-the-graph-medical-illustrations.png\" alt=\"cuidado con el gr\u00e1fico ilustraciones cient\u00edficas\" width=\"310\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/start_get-mind-the-graph-medical-illustrations.png 310w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/start_get-mind-the-graph-medical-illustrations-300x97.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\" \/><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los gl\u00f3bulos blancos se encargan de defender nuestro cuerpo de las enfermedades, manteni\u00e9ndonos vivos. Pero, \u00bfc\u00f3mo identifican estas c\u00e9lulas una enfermedad? Dentro del cuerpo humano, con trillones de c\u00e9lulas, las c\u00e9lulas deben ser espec\u00edficas y precisas. En caso contrario, vienen a atacarnos por dentro. Esta responsabilidad recae sobre los ombros de las c\u00e9lulas T, agentes especializados en [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":10461,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[302,361,360,299,318,354,256],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>New scientific data: time is the immune cell response<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"One of the biggest questions on immune cell signalling is how the T cells distinguish our own healthy cells and what is harmful for us.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/es\/senalizacion-celular-inmune\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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