{"id":50301,"date":"2024-02-11T11:03:02","date_gmt":"2024-02-11T14:03:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/machine-learning-in-science-copy\/"},"modified":"2024-02-07T11:16:52","modified_gmt":"2024-02-07T14:16:52","slug":"post-hoc-testing-anova","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/el\/post-hoc-testaus-anova\/","title":{"rendered":"Post Hoc Testing ANOVA: \u039c\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac, \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2; \u039b\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd, \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd post hoc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 ANOVA - \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf- \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03ad\u03c1\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba \u03a7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. \u0395\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd post hoc \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-understanding-anova-and-post-hoc-testing\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 ANOVA \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Post Hoc Testing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 ANOVA \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd post hoc \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7. \u039c\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd - \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf: <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/post-hoc-analysis\/\"><strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 Post Hoc: \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-introduction-to-anova-and-its-purpose-in-statistical-analysis\">\u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd ANOVA \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae ANOVA, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0395\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 - \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b7 ANOVA \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-explanation-of-post-hoc-testing-and-its-importance-in-anova\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 post hoc \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd ANOVA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 ANOVA \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \"\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\" \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \"\u03c4\u03b9\" \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \"\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\"; \u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 post hoc \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd! \u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \"\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\", \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae post hoc \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b1 \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae omnibus \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 ANOVA. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2; \u039d\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c8\u03bf\u03b3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-overview-of-the-process-of-post-hoc-testing-in-anova\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 post hoc \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd ANOVA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf post hoc \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae ANOVA omnibus - \u03b5\u03be \u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 post hoc<\/strong>: \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae p-values<\/strong>: \u0394\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0395\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong>: \u0395\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03ae \u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. \u039f\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-anova-omnibus-test\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae ANOVA Omnibus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (ANOVA) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7. \u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 post hoc \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd ANOVA, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 - \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd omnibus \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 ANOVA. \u03a3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf: <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/one-way-anova\/\"><strong>One-Way ANOVA: \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-detailed-explanation-of-the-anova-omnibus-test\">\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4 ANOVA omnibus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae ANOVA omnibus \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03af\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399 - \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf \"omnibus\" \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae - \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9: \u039e\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9. \u039f\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c8\u03ac\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd - \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-the-f-statistic-and-its-interpretation\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 F \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4 ANOVA omnibus, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 F-\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc - \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae F \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2: \u03a4\u03bf F-statistic \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2). \u03a0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae F \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 p-\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-interpreting-the-results-of-the-omnibus-test\">\u0395\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4 omnibus<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.surferseo.art\/13a9a93f-5e2f-44b6-93cc-f8f1290e4196.jpeg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pixabay<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0388\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae p-value \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 F-statistic \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae - \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1; \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae p-\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03c6\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 -\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac 0,05- \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf -\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf- \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf- \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \"\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\" \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2. \u039c\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 - \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd post hoc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd ANOVA - \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 post hoc \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae ANOVA omnibus \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b7\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b5\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 - \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-need-for-post-hoc-testing-in-anova\">\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 Post Hoc Testing \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd ANOVA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-exploring-the-limitations-of-the-omnibus-test\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4 omnibus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (ANOVA) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac, \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae ANOVA omnibus \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf omnibus test \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 - \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2: \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 ANOVA \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b9\u03c9\u03c0\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03bb\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 - \u03c3\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c8\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-why-post-hoc-tests-are-necessary\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd post hoc \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 post hoc \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae ANOVA \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7. \u039c\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b7 ANOVA \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1: \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2; \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 post hoc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 ANOVA \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-the-concept-of-experiment-wise-error-rate\">\u0397 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 post hoc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \"\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\". \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 - \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 post hoc \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7. \u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b3\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b7\u03c1\u03cd\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2 - \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03af.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 post hoc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd p-values - \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-different-post-hoc-testing-methods\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 post-hoc \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 ANOVA, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2. \u0395\u03b4\u03ce \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 post hoc - \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1. \u0391\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-tukey-s-method\">\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Tukey<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-explanation-of-tukey-s-method-and-its-application-in-anova\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 Tukey \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd ANOVA<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0395\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Tukey (HSD)<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 post hoc \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 ANOVA. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Tukey \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-calculation-and-interpretation-of-adjusted-p-values\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd p-values<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Tukey \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \"\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\" \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd p-values \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd. \u039f \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd - \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 p-values \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae p-\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 0,05), \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 voil\u00e0-\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-using-simultaneous-confidence-intervals-with-tukey-s-method\">\u03a7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf Tukey<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4 Tukey \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd - \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-holm-s-method\">\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Holm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-introduction-to-holm-s-method-and-its-advantages-over-other-methods\">\u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf Holm \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, <strong>\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Holm<\/strong>, \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 Bonferroni \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Holm, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf post hoc \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf - \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 p-values \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03af\u03b1- \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Holm \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-calculation-and-interpretation-of-adjusted-p-values-with-holm-s-method\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd p-values \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf Holm<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd p-values \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03c6\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 - \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \"stepping down\" \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03c6\u03bb\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2- \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-dunnett-s-method\">\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Dunnett<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-explanation-of-dunnett-s-method-and-when-it-is-appropriate-to-use-it\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 Dunnett \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03b4\u03ce \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 <strong>\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae Dunnett<\/strong>, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2: \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 - \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-comparing-treatment-groups-to-a-control-group-using-dunnett-s-method\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf Dunnett<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Dunnett \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03ae\u03c6\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9. \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bc\u03cc\u03c7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 -\u03ae \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9- \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 post hoc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd ANOVA \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 - \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-factors-to-consider-in-choosing-a-post-hoc-test\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 Post-hoc \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 ANOVA, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4 ANOVA, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 post hoc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae post hoc \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5: \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-famil-wise-error-rate-control-and-its-significance-in-choosing-a-test-method\">\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \"\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\" (FWER) \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b7. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 ANOVA, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 - \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5- \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 FWER \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 post hoc \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4. \u039f\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 p \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 0,05). \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 FWER \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd post hoc - \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 FWER \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b7 HSD \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Tukey (Honestly Significant Difference) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03af\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03ac\u03bb\u03c6\u03b1 (\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac 0,05). \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Holm \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 p-values \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 - \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 Bonferroni, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2; \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Dunnett \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9, \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae post hoc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 ANOVA \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd - \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1: \u039f \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1- \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03ac \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-case-studies-and-examples\">\u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae ANOVA \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae hoc \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-discussion-of-real-world-research-studies-where-post-hoc-testing-was-used\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 post hoc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 post hoc \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c6\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2- \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03be\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 ANOVA \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 omnibus \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 post hoc \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 - \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1: \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 post hoc \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae ANOVA \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae post hoc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 post hoc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd ANOVA \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-hands-on-examples-illustrating-the-application-of-different-post-hoc-tests\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd post hoc \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Tukey<\/strong>: \u03a3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae ANOVA \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Tukey \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 - \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Holm<\/strong>: \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Holm \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 p-values \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Dunnett<\/strong>: \u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Dunnett \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf Dunnett \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 post hoc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd ANOVA \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 - \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-statistical-power-in-post-hoc-testing\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 post-hoc \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-explanation-of-statistical-power-and-its-importance-in-post-hoc-testing-decision-making\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 post hoc \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.surferseo.art\/290f22f3-906a-4d32-bf9f-a332b21fa8bb.jpeg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pixabay<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd post hoc \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd ANOVA, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd - \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd. \u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u0399, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2. \u039f \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd post hoc \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 ANOVA \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 post hoc \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 ANOVA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-managing-power-trade-offs-by-reducing-the-number-of-comparisons\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1-ANOVA, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399 (\u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1). \u0391\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u0399\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd: \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0395\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7: \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 - \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd post hoc \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf ANOVA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-summary-and-conclusion\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-recap-of-key-points-covered-in-the-content-outline\">\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf, \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (ANOVA) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 - <strong>\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae post hoc ANOVA<\/strong>. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 ANOVA, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 post hoc \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae ANOVA \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u0395\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 ANOVA \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 post hoc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u039f \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 omnibus test \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 ANOVA \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc F \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0397 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 post hoc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 Tukey, \u03b7 Holm \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 Dunnett, \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 - \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 post hoc \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u039f \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1- \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 post hoc \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd. \u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c2\", \u03b7 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 post hoc \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-concluding-thoughts-on-the-importance-and-significance-of-post-hoc-testing-in-anova\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 post hoc \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd ANOVA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 <strong>\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae post hoc ANOVA<\/strong>, \u03b1\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd post hoc \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 ANOVA \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd -\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2- \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 - \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 post hoc \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03c3\u03cc \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd - \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \"...\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03b2\u03b1\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7: \u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1... \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-experience-the-power-of-visual-mastery-simplifying-complexity-with-mind-the-graph\"><br>\u0393\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2: \u0391\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf Mind the Graph!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039e\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c8\u03bf\u03b3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039e\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a>, \u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1\u03af \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 smart poster maker \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1; \u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf Mind the Graph \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf- \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9; \u0395\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 - \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c8\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"648\" height=\"535\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/beautiful-poster-templates.png\" alt=\"beautiful-poster-templates\" class=\"wp-image-25482\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/beautiful-poster-templates.png 648w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/beautiful-poster-templates-300x248.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/beautiful-poster-templates-15x12.png 15w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/beautiful-poster-templates-100x83.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content\" style=\"border-radius:50px;background-color:#dc1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u039e\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf Mind the Graph<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 post hoc \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 ANOVA. \u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":50304,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Post Hoc Testing ANOVA: Learn How to Analyze Data Sets<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the ins and outs of post hoc testing ANOVA. Perfect your statistical analysis and uncover the significance of your data sets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/el\/post-hoc-testaus-anova\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"el_GR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Post Hoc Testing ANOVA: Learn How to Analyze Data Sets\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover the ins and outs of post hoc testing ANOVA. 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. Connect with him on LinkedIn - Fabricio Pamplona.","sameAs":["http:\/\/mindthegraph.com","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/fabriciopamplona"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/el\/author\/fabricio\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50301"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50301"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50301\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50305,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50301\/revisions\/50305"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50304"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50301"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50301"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}