{"id":50205,"date":"2024-01-22T07:47:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-22T10:47:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/academic-integrity-copy\/"},"modified":"2024-01-23T14:00:09","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T17:00:09","slug":"elemental-mapping","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/el\/elemental-mapping\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a7, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c1\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u0395\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-is-elemental-mapping\"><strong>\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scanning_electron_microscope\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a> (SEM) \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd-\u03a7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2<\/a> (EDS) \u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae (EPMA), \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-elemental-mapping-background\"><strong>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf- \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-purpose-of-elemental-mapping\"><strong>\u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u0397 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-x-ray-techniques-used-in-elemental-mapping\"><strong>\u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1. \u0391\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd-\u03a7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-x-ray-fluorescence-microscopy\"><strong>\u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a7<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd-\u03a7 (XFM) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd-\u03a7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2-\u03a7. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 XFM, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1. \u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 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\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c1\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u0397 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd-\u03a7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/blog\/ask-a-scientist\/what-is-xrf-x-ray-fluorescence-and-how-does-it-work\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2<\/a> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-x-ray-microanalysis\"><strong>\u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a7<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1. \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd-\u03a7, \u03b7 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\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-graphene-window-technique\"><strong>\u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \"\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\" \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (TEM). \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 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\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 TEM, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac (EDXS) \u03ae \u03b7 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03c9\u03bd (EELS). \u0397 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-atomic-resolution-imaging\"><strong>\u0391\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (STEM), \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 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\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-spatial-resolution\"><strong>\u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ae \u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 (EDS), \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-multi-element-analysis-techniques\"><strong>\u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (WDS) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03c9\u03bd (EELS), \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-dynamic-motion-measurement-with-graphene-liquid-cells\"><strong>\u039c\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b9\u03b2\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd-\u03a7, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-materials-science-applications-of-elemental-mapping\"><strong>\u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u039f \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-characteristic-x-rays\"><strong>\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a7<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2-\u03a7 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2-\u03a7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2-\u03a7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd-\u03a7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd-\u03a7 \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-distribution-of-elements-in-solids-and-liquids\"><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a7, \u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 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\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-real-time-monitoring-of-element-composition-function-and-structure-over-time\"><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c5\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-120-growth-in-citations-for-articles-with-infographics\"><strong>120% \u0391\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 Infographics<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd infographics \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 120%. \u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf Mind the Graph \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac infographics \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf Mind the Graph, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b7 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u0395\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"648\" height=\"535\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/beautiful-poster-templates.png\" alt=\"beautiful-poster-templates\" class=\"wp-image-25482\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/beautiful-poster-templates.png 648w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/beautiful-poster-templates-300x248.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/beautiful-poster-templates-15x12.png 15w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/beautiful-poster-templates-100x83.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content\" style=\"border-radius:50px;background-color:#dc1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u039e\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf Mind the Graph<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":50208,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Unveiling the Secrets of Elemental Mapping Techniques<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Demystifying elemental mapping, This article will present a journey through techniques, applications, and insights.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/el\/elemental-mapping\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"el_GR\" 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