{"id":49526,"date":"2023-11-16T10:09:51","date_gmt":"2023-11-16T13:09:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/coherence-and-cohesion-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-11-16T10:58:54","modified_gmt":"2023-11-16T13:58:54","slug":"history-of-peer-review","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/el\/vertaisarvioinnin-historia\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0397 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Peer Review: \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf: <\/strong>\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5;<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Peer Review<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \"\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2\" \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd 17\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1660. \u0397 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2<\/a>. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03be\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Peer Review<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u03a0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 17\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd 17\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1660) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9<\/a> (\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1666) \u03ad\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0397 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd 18\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 19\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Journal des Scavans<\/a> \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd 19\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf The Lancet<\/a> (\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1823) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf New England Journal of Medicine<\/a> (\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1812), \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0395\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0394\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0394\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03be\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0397 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0397 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0397 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u03a0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0397 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf PLOS;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

PLOS \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1. \u0397 PLOS \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 2001 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u03a4\u03bf PLOS \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 PLOS \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 PLOS Biology, PLOS Medicine, PLOS Genetics, PLOS Computational Biology \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd PLOS \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u0391\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf PLOS \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ae paywall. \u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf:<\/strong> \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 PLOS ONE \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u03a4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u039f\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf PLOS \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u03a4\u03bf PLOS (Public Library of Science) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf PLOS \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0391\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf Published Peer Review History \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 PLOS \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u03a4\u03bf PLOS Published Peer Review History \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0391\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac PLOS \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/a>, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c9\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u03a4\u03bf PLOS \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0395\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u03a4\u03bf PLOS Published Peer Review History \u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf PLOS \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c9\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0386\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u039f\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac PLOS \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 altmetrics, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0395\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2. \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u03a9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1, \u03bf \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 infographics, \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u039c\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 Mind the Graph<\/a> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf Mind the Graph \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 infographics. \u0395\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n
\n
\"\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u039e\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf Mind the Graph<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0395\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2: \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":49528,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe History of Peer Review: Enhance The Quality Of Publishing - 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