{"id":8713,"date":"2019-04-18T18:07:31","date_gmt":"2019-04-18T21:07:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=8713"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:24:00","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:24:00","slug":"brain-damage-pig-brains-alive-hours-death","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/da\/hjerneskade-gris-hjerner-levende-timer-dod\/","title":{"rendered":"Hjerneskade: en infografik til at forst\u00e5 den nye Nature-artikel"},"content":{"rendered":"

Forskere fra Yale University holdt grisehjerner i live uden for kroppen i timevis efter d\u00f8den. I artiklen Genoprettelse af hjernens cirkulation og cellul\u00e6re funktioner timer efter d\u00f8dstidspunktet<\/strong> forklarer eksperimentet med grisehjerner, der kan kaste lys over forskningen i hjerneskader. Magasinet Nature\u00a0udgivet <\/a>den 17. april.<\/p>\n

\"I det meste af menneskehedens historie var d\u00f8den meget enkel,\"<\/em> siger Christof Koch. Han er pr\u00e6sident og chefforsker for Allen Institute for Brain Science i Seattle, Washington. \"Nu er vi n\u00f8dt til at stille sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5lstegn ved, hvad der er irreversibelt.\"\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Der er ingen kommunikation mellem neuronerne i disse hjerner, s\u00e5 der var ingen bevidsthed. Men cellerne var levende - og det alene er en meget stor opdagelse.<\/p>\n

\"Tidligere resultater har vist, at cellerne i l\u00f8bet af ganske f\u00e5 minutter gennemg\u00e5r en celled\u00f8dsproces.\"<\/em>\u00a0sagde Nenad Sestan, Yale-neurovidenskabsmanden, der ledede forskningen, p\u00e5 en pressekonference. \"Det, vi viser, er, at celled\u00f8dsprocessen er en gradvis, trinvis proces, og nogle af disse processer kan enten udskydes, bevares eller endda vendes.\"<\/em><\/p>\n

Eksperimentet med hjerneskade<\/strong><\/h3>\n

If\u00f8lge Nature Magazine testede forskerne, hvor godt hjernerne klarede sig i en periode p\u00e5 seks timer. De fandt, at neuroner og andre hjerneceller havde genstartet normale metaboliske funktioner, s\u00e5som at forbruge sukker og producere kuldioxid. Hjernernes immunsystem s\u00e5 ogs\u00e5 ud til at fungere. Strukturerne i de enkelte celler og dele af hjernen var bevaret. I mods\u00e6tning hertil kollapsede cellerne i kontrolhjernerne, som ikke fik den n\u00e6rings- og iltrige opl\u00f8sning. Og da forskerne anvendte elektricitet p\u00e5 v\u00e6vspr\u00f8ver fra de behandlede hjerner, fandt de ud af, at individuelle neuroner stadig kunne b\u00e6re et signal.<\/p>\n

Forskerne skabte et system kaldet BrainEx, der er specielt designet til at d\u00e6mpe nogle af de processer, der er ansvarlige for nedbrydning af v\u00e6v i postmortem-hjerner. Systemet involverer pumpning af en opl\u00f8sning kaldet BEx perfusat. Opl\u00f8sningen er en patenteret blanding af beskyttende, stabiliserende og kontrasterende stoffer, der fungerer som erstatning for blod. Perfusatet indeholder ogs\u00e5 kemikalier, der stopper oxideringen af kropsv\u00e6v, hvilket stopper apoptose. Det indeholder ogs\u00e5 en blokering af neural aktivitet, hvis form\u00e5l er todelt. De pumpede opl\u00f8sningen ind i den isolerede hjernes hovedarterier ved normal kropstemperatur.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"grise\"<\/a>
Artiklens figur viser, hvordan en hel hjerne blev forbundet til BEx-enheden. Tilslutningen af svinehjernen til perfusionssystemet blev foretaget via arterielle linjer.\u00a0<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Forskerne brugte omkring 300 grisehoveder fra et slagteri under det amerikanske landbrugsministerium. Efter at have optimeret teknologien tilsluttede holdet 32 grisehjerner til BrainEx-systemet. De gjorde det 4 timer efter, at grisene var blevet aflivet, og efter at de havde fjernet hjernerne fra kranierne. Dette computerstyrede netv\u00e6rk af pumper, varmelegemer og filtre kontrollerede flow, temperatur og en patenteret perfusatopl\u00f8sning i seks timer.<\/p>\n

En infografik til at forst\u00e5 eksperimentet<\/strong><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"preview_77833<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Jeg har lavet infografikken ved hj\u00e6lp af Mind the Graph. Hvis du vil bruge attraktive videnskabelige illustrationer til at n\u00e5 ud til flere mennesker med din forskning, kan du ogs\u00e5 bruge mind the Graph!<\/p>\n

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Forskere fra Yale University holdt grisehjerner i live uden for kroppen i timevis efter d\u00f8den. Artiklen Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours post-mortem forklarer eksperimentet med grisehjerner, som kan kaste lys over forskningen i hjerneskader. Magasinet Nature offentliggjorde artiklen den 17. april. \"I det meste af menneskets historie var d\u00f8den meget enkel,\" [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8721,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[54,288,287,286,282,554,71,964,775,70],"yoast_head":"\nBrain damage: an infographic to understand the new Nature paper - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists from Yale University kept pig brains alive for hours after death. 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