{"id":12100,"date":"2020-12-30T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-30T11:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12100"},"modified":"2023-01-05T15:13:37","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T18:13:37","slug":"nerve-impulse-the-synapse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/da\/nerve-impuls-synapsen\/","title":{"rendered":"Nerveimpuls DEL 2 - Synapsen"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hele nervesystemet er baseret p\u00e5 aktionspotentialer <\/strong>og Synapser<\/strong> til at sende information rundt i kroppen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neuroner er celler, der er specialiseret i at sende elektriske eller kemiske signaler til en anden neuron ad en veldefineret vej, der f\u00f8rer til en m\u00e5lcelle. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Denne artikel er den anden del ud af to, der handler om, hvordan dette fantastiske og komplekse system er i stand til at styre n\u00e6sten alt i vores krop. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nu skal vi diskutere synapsekl\u00f8ften - rummet mellem to neuroner, et andet omr\u00e5de, der ogs\u00e5 er ansvarligt for at videresende nerveimpulsen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Navnet <\/em>Synapse<\/em><\/strong> <\/em>stammer fra det gr\u00e6ske Synapsis<\/em>, hvilket betyder \"konjunktion\"<\/em><\/strong>. Forskere gennem historien har haft sv\u00e6rt ved at finde et begreb, der kunne forklare \"<\/em>forening af to separate elementer<\/em><\/strong>\"<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nogle gamle artikler refererede ogs\u00e5 til synapsen som knudepunkter<\/em><\/strong>. I dag er Synapse<\/em><\/strong> er det navn, der bruges og gives til den struktur, der er ansvarlig for at sende et signal videre til en anden neuron ved synapsekl\u00f8ften. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al synapsehandling sker i den synaptiske kl\u00f8ft, et lille sted mellem to forskellige celler ved siden af hinanden. pr\u00e6-synaptisk<\/strong> celle og pos-synaptisk celle. <\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I de fleste tilf\u00e6lde er to neuroner forbundet via axonterminalen p\u00e5 den ene neuron - den pr\u00e6-synaptiske neuron, den, der sender signalet videre - til dendritten p\u00e5 den n\u00e6ste neuron - den pos-synaptiske neuron - som enten kan v\u00e6re m\u00e5lcellen eller den n\u00e6ste neuron i r\u00e6kken til at sende signalet videre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I rummet mellem cellerne - synapsekl\u00f8ften - foreg\u00e5r der en enorm m\u00e6ngde information p\u00e5 \u00e9n gang, og et stort molekyl\u00e6rt maskineri er ansvarligt for at kontrollere frigivelsen og produktionen af disse informationsb\u00e6rere, disse molekyler kaldes neurotransmittere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men neuronerne g\u00f8r ikke alt arbejdet alene, de har en bestemt type celler ved siden af sig, som har til opgave at st\u00f8tte reguleringen af neurotransmittere. Disse celler er astrocytter<\/strong>De er en type gliaceller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glias<\/strong> er klassificeret som ikke-neuronale celler - de hverken videref\u00f8rer eller producerer nogen form for nerveimpuls eller signal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Disse celler har mange ansvarsomr\u00e5der, der alle er relateret til neuronernes behov, som en 24\/7 assistent. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

De findes overalt i det centrale og perifere nervesystem. Generelt giver de st\u00f8tte, beskyttelse og n\u00e6rer neuronet med n\u00e6ringsstoffer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Som sagt er neuronerne specialiserede celler, der er ansvarlige for at overf\u00f8re elektriske eller kemiske signaler. Hvert af disse signaler har en metode til at videregive signalet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Det pr\u00e6-synaptiske neuron, der er involveret i den kemiske synapse, er i stand til at overf\u00f8re information ikke kun til neuroner, men ogs\u00e5 til muskler og kirtler, hvilket sker gennem aktionspotentialet, der bev\u00e6ger sig hele vejen langs neuronet, n\u00e5r axonterminalen og derefter sender signalet til de sp\u00e6ndingsstyrede calciumkanaler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depolariseringen g\u00f8r disse kanaler aktive og \u00e5bner for, at calcium (Ca+2) kan tr\u00e6nge ind i neuronet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Indstr\u00f8mningen af calcium i cellen giver et signal til den synaptiske vesikel, som derefter frigiver neurotransmittere i den synaptiske spalte. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e5r de er i den synaptiske spalte, g\u00e5r disse neurotransmittere mod neurotransmitterreceptorerne i den pos-synaptiske neuron. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e5ledes forts\u00e6tter nerveimpulsen, gentager processen i dendritterne, derefter kernen og g\u00e5r til axonet, hvor aktionspotentialet f\u00f8res videre. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e5r nerveimpulsen n\u00e5r m\u00e5lcellen, kan der opst\u00e5 to slags responser i det pos-synaptiske neuron - enten en ophidsende eller en h\u00e6mmende respons.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Den anden, den elektriske synapse, sker meget hurtigere end den kemiske synapse, fordi den best\u00e5r af f\u00e6rre trin i signaloverf\u00f8rslen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Den elektriske str\u00f8m transmitteres gennem kanaler, der kaldes gap junctions<\/strong>som er til stede i begge celler og forbinder de pr\u00e6-synaptiske med de pos-synaptiske neuroner.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Disse kanaler er i stand til at videresende den elektriske str\u00f8m, uden at der er neurotransmittere involveret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interessant nok beh\u00f8ver synapseprocessen ikke n\u00f8dvendigvis at forbinde de samme neurondele hver gang, som f.eks. aksonterminalen og dendritterne. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der findes flere m\u00e5der at overf\u00f8re nerveimpulser p\u00e5 end denne. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Axonterminaler fra pr\u00e6-synaptiske celler kan forbindes direkte til blodbanen, neuronaxonet eller endda en anden axonterminal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

De kan ogs\u00e5 v\u00e6re forbundet med en neuron dendrit rygs\u00f8jle eller endda ikke have en forbindelse til frigivelse af neurotransmittere i det ekstracellul\u00e6re medie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afh\u00e6ngigt af hvilken type information, der transporteres, skal der frigives en type neurotransmitter, som kan v\u00e6re fra gruppen af glutamaterge, GABAergiske, kolinerge, adrenerge med excitatorisk eller inhibitorisk virkning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regulering af neurotransmittere er et meget f\u00f8lsomt system i vores krop. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unders\u00f8gelser foretaget af mange forskere viste, at en dysreguleret neurotransmitter ikke kan p\u00e5virke en enkelt, men mange aktiviteter i hjernen, som hum\u00f8r, humor, s\u00f8vn, appetit, kropstemperatur, frygt, foruden psykiske sygdomme. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

For eksempel er Parkinsons sygdom og skizofreni, der i dag er kendt som sygdomme uden kur, relateret til dysfunktion af neurotransmitteren dopamin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Overordnet set er nerveimpulser ansvarlige for at kommunikere og transportere al information gennem kroppen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Et lille problem eller dysregulering kan for\u00e5rsage store konsekvenser og sygdomme. Forskerne mangler stadig svar for at forst\u00e5 dette komplekse netv\u00e6rk fuldst\u00e6ndigt.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

____<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kunne du lide infografikken i denne artikel? Du kan ogs\u00e5 bruge den i dit arbejde, klik her<\/a> og du vil se alle de skabeloner, der er tilg\u00e6ngelige for Mind the Graph-brugere. Du beh\u00f8ver ikke at starte fra bunden. Eller du kan begynde at oprette lige nu<\/a>ved hj\u00e6lp af vores neurologi<\/a> galleri og mere<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hele nervesystemet er baseret p\u00e5 aktionspotentialer og synapser til at transmittere information i hele kroppen. Neuroner er celler, der er specialiseret i at overf\u00f8re elektriske eller kemiske signaler til en anden neuron, der f\u00f8lger en veldefineret vej og n\u00e5r frem til en m\u00e5lcelle. Denne artikel er den anden del ud af to, der diskuterer, hvordan dette fantastiske og komplekse system [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12102,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[812],"yoast_head":"\nNerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse. Read this blog to know more about how nerve impulses take place. 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