{"id":11788,"date":"2020-10-19T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-19T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11788"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"crispr-duo-wins-nobel-prize-2020-for-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/da\/crispr-duo-vinder-nobelprisen-2020-for-kemi\/","title":{"rendered":"CRISPR DUO stj\u00e6ler billedet: Nobelprisen 2020 i kemi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pr\u00e6cision er en forskers varem\u00e6rke. Emmanuelle Charpentier og Jennifer Doudna vendte hver en sten og opdagede det revolutionerende v\u00e6rkt\u00f8j inden for genteknologi kaldet CRISPR\/Cas9, \"den genetiske saks\". Pionererne, Emmanuelle Charpentier og Jennifer Doudna, bag dette livsforandrende v\u00e6rkt\u00f8j modtager Nobelprisen i kemi i 2020. Deres opfindelse i 2012 f\u00f8rte til utallige opdagelser inden for vigtige omr\u00e5der som kr\u00e6ftforskning, planteforskning og helbredelse af arvelige sygdomme. CRISPR\/Cas9-v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jet har gjort det lettere at redigere de genetiske sekvenser p\u00e5 det n\u00f8jagtige sted p\u00e5 kortere tid. Deres opdagelse har \u00e6ndret perspektivet p\u00e5 biovidenskab. Det er et springbr\u00e6t til en ny \u00e6ra inden for genetik, som vil gavne alle levende.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Hvad er CRISPR\/Cas9, og hvordan blev det opdaget?<\/span><\/h2>\n

CISPR\/CAS9 er et genredigeringsv\u00e6rkt\u00f8j, der bruges til at klippe en DNA-sekvens p\u00e5 pr\u00e6cis det sted, man \u00f8nsker. CRISPR st\u00e5r for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, og Cas9 er et enzym, der hj\u00e6lper med at klippe sekvensen. CRISPR har to hovedfunktioner, som er nukleotid-repeatere og spacere. I CRISPR fungerer nukleotidsekvenserne normalt som en skabelonstreng, der transkriberer et komplement\u00e6rt RNA, som til sidst blev kaldt CRISPR RNA (cr RNA). Emmanuelle Charpentier og Jennifer Doudna var de f\u00f8rste til at finde ud af disse spacere og repeatere. De fandt ogs\u00e5 ud af, at Cas9-enzymet, der hjalp med at klippe DNA-sekvensen, bandt sig til et andet RNA-molekyle. De to molekyler, cr RNA og transaktiverende cr RNA, hjalp Cas9 med at klippe p\u00e5 m\u00e5lstedet i det dobbeltstrengede DNA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Opdagelsen blev gjort af Emmanuelle Charpentier, mens hun observerede streptococcus-bakteriens immunmekanisme mod virussen. Det, der fascinerede hende mest, var, hvordan et RNA-molekyle i bakterien havde en meget lignende genetisk kode som bakteriens CRISPR. Efter at have analyseret de to sekvenser viste det sig, at RNA-molekylet matchede den gentagende del af CRISPR. Ved yderligere unders\u00f8gelser fandt hun ud af, at dette lille RNA-molekyle aktiverede RNA-sekvensen i n\u00e6rv\u00e6r af Cas9. RNA-sekvensen var resultatet af CRISPR-sekvensen. Dette molekyle blev kaldt det transaktiverende CRISPR-RNA. N\u00e5r en bakterie inficeres af en virus, tilf\u00f8jer bakterien det virale DNA til sit genom i CRISPR-regionen som en hukommelse. Dette hj\u00e6lper bakterien mod yderligere nye infektioner. Dette CRISPR-DNA kopieres derefter for at lave CRISPR-RNA, som skal spaltes for at danne viralt DNA, der kan hj\u00e6lpe med at genkende det fremmede virale DNA.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Senere analyserede Jennifer Doudna, om dette virale DNA kunne identificeres ved hj\u00e6lp af CRISPR RNA og Cas9-enzymmolekylet. Efter flere eksperimenter kunne de stadig ikke identificere det og inds\u00e5, at der manglede noget. N\u00e6ste gang de udf\u00f8rte eksperimentet, tilf\u00f8jede de derfor ogs\u00e5 det transaktiverende cr RNA-molekyle, som Emmanuelle havde opdaget. Til deres overraskelse blev det virale DNA identificeret, hvilket f\u00f8rte til den nye \u00e6on, der skulle komme.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

I dag har CRISPR\/Cas9 \u00e5bnet op for en ny tilgang til livet. Det bliver brugt inden for forskellige videnskabelige omr\u00e5der. Dette v\u00e6rkt\u00f8j har v\u00e6ret evolution\u00e6rt inden for l\u00e6gevidenskaben. I dag arbejder forskerne p\u00e5 at udrydde arvelige sygdomme, som har p\u00e5virket menneskeheden mest. Et andet omr\u00e5de, hvor dette v\u00e6rkt\u00f8j bliver brugt, er i landbruget til at modificere planter, s\u00e5 de bliver resistente over for infektioner, i l\u00e6gemiddeludvikling, i genterapi og meget mere. Med en regulatorisk og etisk brug af dette v\u00e6rkt\u00f8j kan menneskeheden opleve en gr\u00e6nsel\u00f8s verden.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Reference\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/chemistry\/2020\/popular-information\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11824,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nThe CRISPR DUO Steals The Show: Nobel Prize 2020 in Chemistry - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2020, many discoveries are accoladed with Nobel Prize and CRISPR DUO in Chemistry is one of them. 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