{"id":8936,"date":"2019-05-22T17:56:36","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T20:56:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=8936"},"modified":"2022-10-18T11:41:07","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T14:41:07","slug":"ocean-acidification-consequences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/dusledky-okyselovani-oceanu\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u016fsledky okyselov\u00e1n\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010dichy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd plyn p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. Kolob\u011bh uhl\u00edku na Zemi za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed udr\u017euje p\u0159irozenou rovnov\u00e1hu uhl\u00edku v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, na pevnin\u011b a v oce\u00e1nech prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \"d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed planety\". Lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost v podob\u011b emis\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv v\u0161ak naru\u0161uje rovnov\u00e1hu uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho cyklu a zp\u016fsobuje zm\u011bnu klimatu, nebo\u0165 zvy\u0161uje sklen\u00edkov\u00fd efekt a okyselov\u00e1n\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abychom pochopili d\u016fsledky okyselov\u00e1n\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f, mus\u00edme si nejprve zrekapitulovat kolob\u011bh uhl\u00edku. O tom jsem psal zde1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sklen\u00edkov\u00fd efekt umo\u017e\u0148uje \u017eivot na Zemi t\u00edm, \u017ee zachycuje teplo v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e a otepluje planetu. Jak to funguje, jsem uk\u00e1zal zde1<\/sup>. Navzdory jej\u00edmu v\u00fdznamu se v\u0161ak v d\u016fsledku zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho se mno\u017estv\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho stala probl\u00e9mem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne v\u0161echen p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00fd oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. V\u011bdci odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee oce\u00e1ny pohltily t\u0159etinu ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho vyprodukovan\u00e9ho lidskou \u010dinnost\u00ed. Odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho z atmosf\u00e9ry oce\u00e1nem pom\u00e1h\u00e1 odd\u00e1lit rozsah klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn. Tento p\u0159\u00ednos m\u00e1 v\u0161ak svou cenu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Za\u010dn\u011bte pou\u017e\u00edvat Mind The Graph pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f zdarma!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd a chemie oce\u00e1nu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Po rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vod\u011b reaguje CO2 s vodou (H2O) za vzniku kyseliny uhli\u010dit\u00e9: H2CO3: CO2 + H2O \u2194 H2CO3. Kyselina uhli\u010dit\u00e1 se rychle rozpou\u0161t\u00ed za vzniku iont\u016f H+ (kyselina) a hydrogenuhli\u010ditanu HCO3- (z\u00e1sada). Mo\u0159sk\u00e1 voda je p\u0159irozen\u011b nasycena dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1sadou, uhli\u010ditanov\u00fdm iontem (CO3-2), kter\u00fd p\u016fsob\u00ed jako antacidum, neutralizuje H+ a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed hydrogenuhli\u010ditan. \u010cist\u00e1 reakce vypad\u00e1 n\u00e1sledovn\u011b: CO2 + H2O + CO3-2\u2192 2HCO3-<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"okyselov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Absorpce oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho z\u00e1sadn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 reakce, p\u0159i nich\u017e se mo\u0159sk\u00e1 voda st\u00e1v\u00e1 kyselej\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e je jev naz\u00fdvan\u00fd okyselov\u00e1n\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f. Oce\u00e1n se ve skute\u010dnosti stal t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o 30 % kyselej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 \u00e9ry. Jde o zm\u011bnu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a rychlej\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jak\u00e1 je patrn\u00e1 ve fosiln\u00edch z\u00e1znamech star\u00fdch nejm\u00e9n\u011b 800 000 let, tedy p\u0159ed v\u00fdskytem obratlovc\u016f a rostlin ve fosiln\u00edch z\u00e1znamech.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"okyselov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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Vytv\u00e1\u0159ejte efektivn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 postavy b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika minut<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00fd dopad bude m\u00edt okyselov\u00e1n\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010dichy, jako jsou ryby, kor\u00e1ly a m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161i?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S rostouc\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed vod\u00edkov\u00fdch iont\u016f se voda st\u00e1v\u00e1 kyselej\u0161\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho ub\u00fdv\u00e1 uhli\u010ditanov\u00fdch iont\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 z dodate\u010dn\u00fdch vod\u00edkov\u00fdch iont\u016f reaguj\u00ed s uhli\u010ditanov\u00fdmi ionty za vzniku dal\u0161\u00edch hydrogenuhli\u010ditan\u016f. S \u00fabytkem uhli\u010ditan\u016f maj\u00ed tyto organismy, jako jsou kor\u00e1li a ml\u017ei, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee se stavbou a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00fdch schr\u00e1nek a koster. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 kyselost m\u016f\u017ee dokonce zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee se n\u011bkter\u00e9 uhli\u010ditanov\u00e9 schr\u00e1nky a kostry rozpust\u00ed. Vod\u00edkov\u00e9 ionty reaguj\u00ed s pevn\u00fdm uhli\u010ditanem v\u00e1penat\u00fdm a p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed ho na rozpustn\u00fd hydrogenuhli\u010ditan a v\u00e1penat\u00e9 ionty.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Mezi sm\u011bsic\u00ed drobn\u00fdch rostlin a \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed plankton, \u017eije drobn\u00fd mo\u0159sk\u00fd pl\u017e zvan\u00fd pteropod. Navzdory sv\u00e9 mal\u00e9 velikosti jsou pteropodi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm zdrojem potravy pro mnoho druh\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b ryb, tule\u0148\u016f a velryb. Pteropodi v\u0161ak maj\u00ed k\u0159ehk\u00e9 schr\u00e1nky z uhli\u010ditanu v\u00e1penat\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 jsou zraniteln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di okyselov\u00e1n\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f. V s\u00e9rii experiment\u016f byly schr\u00e1nky pteropod\u016f um\u00edst\u011bny do mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vody o pH (kyselosti), kter\u00e9 se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 pro Ji\u017en\u00ed oce\u00e1n v roce 2100. B\u011bhem 48 hodin se sko\u0159\u00e1pky pteropod\u016f za\u010daly rozpou\u0161t\u011bt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zviditeln\u011bte se pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1stroje Mind The Graph<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Vizualizace v\u00fdzkumu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed zdroje, jako jsou infografiky a videa, jsou \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak informovat o v\u011bd\u011b. V\u0161echny tyto infografiky jsem vytvo\u0159il pomoc\u00ed online platformy Mind the graph, kter\u00e1 v\u011bdc\u016fm umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et poutav\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Kolob\u011bh uhl\u00edku a sklen\u00edkov\u00fd efekt - v\u011bdeck\u00e1 infografika.<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd plyn p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. Kolob\u011bh uhl\u00edku na Zemi za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed udr\u017euje p\u0159irozenou rovnov\u00e1hu uhl\u00edku v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, na pevnin\u011b a v oce\u00e1nech prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \"d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed planety\". Lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost v podob\u011b emis\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv v\u0161ak naru\u0161uje rovnov\u00e1hu uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho cyklu a zp\u016fsobuje zm\u011bnu klimatu, proto\u017ee zvy\u0161uje sklen\u00edkov\u00fd efekt, kter\u00fd se projevuje i v [...].<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8959,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[66,958],"tags":[219,51,299,311,310,554],"yoast_head":"\nConsequences of ocean acidification on marine animals - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists estimate that the oceans absorbed one-third of all the carbon dioxide produced by human activities causing ocean acidification\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/dusledky-okyselovani-oceanu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Consequences of ocean acidification on marine animals - 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