{"id":8713,"date":"2019-04-18T18:07:31","date_gmt":"2019-04-18T21:07:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=8713"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:24:00","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:24:00","slug":"brain-damage-pig-brains-alive-hours-death","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/poskozeni-mozku-praseci-mozek-hodiny-zivota-smrti\/","title":{"rendered":"Po\u0161kozen\u00ed mozku: infografika k pochopen\u00ed nov\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku v \u010dasopise Nature"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u011bdci z Yaleovy univerzity udr\u017eeli prase\u010d\u00ed mozky na\u017eivu mimo t\u011blo je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik hodin po smrti. \u010cl\u00e1nek Obnoven\u00ed mozkov\u00e9ho ob\u011bhu a bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed n\u011bkolik hodin po smrti<\/strong> vysv\u011btluje experiment s pou\u017eit\u00edm prase\u010d\u00edch mozk\u016f, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee vn\u00e9st sv\u011btlo do v\u00fdzkumu po\u0161kozen\u00ed mozku. \u010casopis Nature\u00a0zve\u0159ejn\u011bno <\/a>dne 17. dubna.<\/p>\n

\"Po v\u011bt\u0161inu lidsk\u00e9 historie byla smrt velmi jednoduch\u00e1,\"<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Christof Koch. Je prezidentem a hlavn\u00edm v\u011bdeck\u00fdm pracovn\u00edkem Allenova institutu pro v\u011bdu o mozku v Seattlu ve st\u00e1t\u011b Washington. \"Nyn\u00ed se mus\u00edme pt\u00e1t, co je nezvratn\u00e9.\"\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Mezi neurony v t\u011bchto mozc\u00edch neprob\u00edh\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 komunikace, tak\u017ee zde nebylo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u011bdom\u00ed. Ale bu\u0148ky byly \u017eiv\u00e9 - a to samo o sob\u011b je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd objev.<\/p>\n

\"D\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed poznatky uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee bu\u0148ky v podstat\u011b b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika minut projdou procesem bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti.\"<\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl Nenad Sestan, neurolog z Yaleovy univerzity, kter\u00fd v\u00fdzkum vedl, na tiskov\u00e9 konferenci. \"Ukazujeme, \u017ee proces bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti prob\u00edh\u00e1 postupn\u011b a n\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto proces\u016f lze bu\u010f odd\u00e1lit, zachovat, nebo dokonce zvr\u00e1tit.\"<\/em><\/p>\n

Experiment s po\u0161kozen\u00edm mozku<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Podle \u010dasopisu Nature Magazine v\u011bdci testovali, jak dob\u0159e si mozky vedou b\u011bhem \u0161esti hodin. Zjistili, \u017ee neurony a dal\u0161\u00ed mozkov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky obnovily norm\u00e1ln\u00ed metabolick\u00e9 funkce, nap\u0159\u00edklad spot\u0159ebu cukru a produkci oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. Zd\u00e1lo se tak\u00e9, \u017ee imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m mozk\u016f funguje. Struktura jednotliv\u00fdch bun\u011bk a \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mozku byla zachov\u00e1na. Naproti tomu bu\u0148ky v kontroln\u00edch mozc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 nedost\u00e1valy roztok bohat\u00fd na \u017eiviny a kysl\u00edk, se zhroutily. A kdy\u017e v\u011bdci aplikovali elekt\u0159inu na vzorky tk\u00e1n\u011b z o\u0161et\u0159en\u00fdch mozk\u016f, zjistili, \u017ee jednotliv\u00e9 neurony mohou st\u00e1le p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et sign\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci vytvo\u0159ili syst\u00e9m nazvan\u00fd BrainEx, kter\u00fd je speci\u00e1ln\u011b navr\u017een tak, aby tlumil n\u011bkter\u00e9 procesy zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za degradaci tk\u00e1n\u011b v posmrtn\u00fdch mozc\u00edch. Syst\u00e9m zahrnuje \u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed roztoku zvan\u00e9ho perfuz\u00e1t BEx. Roztok je patentovan\u00e1 sm\u011bs ochrann\u00fdch, stabiliza\u010dn\u00edch a kontrastn\u00edch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e1 funguje jako n\u00e1hrada krve. Perfuz\u00e1t tak\u00e9 obsahuje chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 zastavuj\u00ed oxidaci t\u011blesn\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b, co\u017e zastavuje apopt\u00f3zu. Obsahuje tak\u00e9 blok\u00e1tor nervov\u00e9 aktivity, jeho\u017e \u00fa\u010del je dvoj\u00ed. Roztok napumpovali do izolovan\u00fdch hlavn\u00edch mozkov\u00fdch tepen p\u0159i norm\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 teplot\u011b.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"prasata\"<\/a>
Obr\u00e1zek v \u010dl\u00e1nku ukazuje, jak byl k za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed BEx p\u0159ipojen cel\u00fd mozek. P\u0159ipojen\u00ed prase\u010d\u00edho mozku k perfuzn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu bylo provedeno pomoc\u00ed arteri\u00e1ln\u00edch linek.\u00a0<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pou\u017eili p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 300 prase\u010d\u00edch hlav z jatek americk\u00e9ho ministerstva zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Po optimalizaci technologie p\u0159ipojil t\u00fdm k syst\u00e9mu BrainEx 32 prase\u010d\u00edch mozk\u016f. P\u0159ipojen\u00ed provedli 4 hodiny po usmrcen\u00ed prasat a po vyjmut\u00ed mozk\u016f z lebek. Tato po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 \u010derpadel, oh\u0159\u00edva\u010d\u016f a filtr\u016f \u0159\u00eddila pr\u016ftok, teplotu a patentovan\u00fd roztok perfuz\u00e1tu po dobu \u0161esti hodin.<\/p>\n

Infografika pro pochopen\u00ed experimentu<\/strong><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"n\u00e1hled_77833<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Infografiku jsem vytvo\u0159il pomoc\u00ed Mind the Graph. Pokud chcete pou\u017e\u00edt atraktivn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 ilustrace, abyste sv\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem oslovili v\u00edce lid\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt i mind the Graph!<\/p>\n

\"n\u00e1hled_250\"<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u011bdci z Yaleovy univerzity udr\u017eeli prase\u010d\u00ed mozky na\u017eivu mimo t\u011blo je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik hodin po smrti. \u010cl\u00e1nek Obnova mozkov\u00e9ho ob\u011bhu a bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed hodiny po smrti vysv\u011btluje experiment s pou\u017eit\u00edm prase\u010d\u00edch mozk\u016f, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee vn\u00e9st sv\u011btlo do v\u00fdzkumu po\u0161kozen\u00ed mozku. \u010cl\u00e1nek byl zve\u0159ejn\u011bn 17. dubna v \u010dasopise Nature. \"Po v\u011bt\u0161inu lidsk\u00e9 historie byla smrt velmi jednoduch\u00e1,\" [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8721,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[54,288,287,286,282,554,71,964,775,70],"yoast_head":"\nBrain damage: an infographic to understand the new Nature paper - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists from Yale University kept pig brains alive for hours after death. 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