{"id":8540,"date":"2019-03-26T14:24:36","date_gmt":"2019-03-26T17:24:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=8540"},"modified":"2022-10-18T16:28:05","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T19:28:05","slug":"urinary-system-diseases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/onemocneni-mocoveho-systemu\/","title":{"rendered":"Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed mo\u010dov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu: Infografika pro pochopen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Mo\u010dov\u00fd syst\u00e9m spolupracuje s pl\u00edcemi, k\u016f\u017e\u00ed a st\u0159evy na udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a vody v t\u011ble. Dosp\u011bl\u00ed vylu\u010duj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 27 a\u017e 68 tekut\u00fdch unc\u00ed (800 a\u017e 2 000 mililitr\u016f) denn\u011b. Tento \u00fadaj vych\u00e1z\u00ed z typick\u00e9ho denn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu 68 unc\u00ed tekutin (2 litry), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Krom\u011b toho mezi dal\u0161\u00ed faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed funkci mo\u010dov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pat\u0159\u00ed ztr\u00e1ta tekutin pocen\u00edm a d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm. Krom\u011b toho mohou mno\u017estv\u00ed mo\u010di, kterou \u010dlov\u011bk produkuje a vylu\u010duje, ovlivnit i n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy l\u00e9k\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad diuretika, kter\u00e1 se n\u011bkdy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b vysok\u00e9ho krevn\u00edho tlaku. N\u011bkter\u00e9 n\u00e1poje, nap\u0159\u00edklad k\u00e1va a alkohol, mohou u n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e zp\u016fsobovat zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 mo\u010den\u00ed. Kdy\u017e mo\u010dov\u00fd org\u00e1n vykazuje poruchu funkce, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k rozvoji onemocn\u011bn\u00ed mo\u010dov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mo\u010dov\u00fd syst\u00e9m se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze v\u0161ech org\u00e1n\u016f, kter\u00e9 se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na tvorb\u011b a uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u010di. T\u011bmito org\u00e1ny jsou ledviny, mo\u010dovody, mo\u010dov\u00fd m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159 a mo\u010dov\u00e1 trubice. V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se v\u0161ak zam\u011b\u0159\u00edm na ledviny, proto\u017ee jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za tvorbu mo\u010di. Ne\u017e tedy za\u010dneme hovo\u0159it o onemocn\u011bn\u00ed mo\u010dov\u00fdch cest, pod\u00edvejme se na zdravou stavbu ledvin:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"896\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69786-1024x896.png\" alt=\"n\u00e1hled_69786\" class=\"wp-image-8561\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69786-1024x896.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69786-300x263.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69786-768x672.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Ledviny jsou dva org\u00e1ny fazolovit\u00e9ho tvaru, kter\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed u obratlovc\u016f. Nefron je strukturn\u00ed a funk\u010dn\u00ed jednotka ledvin. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 ledvina dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka obsahuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 milion nefron\u016f. Ledviny se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na kontrole objemu r\u016fzn\u00fdch t\u011blesn\u00fdch tekutin, osmolality tekutin, acidobazick\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1hy, r\u016fzn\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed elektrolyt\u016f a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed toxin\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-1 wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\">Vytv\u00e1\u0159ejte efektivn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 postavy b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika minut<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed mo\u010dov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Megauretery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Megaureter (\"velk\u00fd mo\u010dovod\") je stav, kdy je mo\u010dovod \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e norm\u00e1ln\u011b. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt d\u016fsledek abnormality samotn\u00e9ho mo\u010dovodu (prim\u00e1rn\u00ed) nebo zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u010dov\u00e9ho m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159e (sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed). R\u016fzn\u00e9 typy megaureter\u016f jsou pops\u00e1ny n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed obstruk\u010dn\u00ed megaureter<\/strong><br> Tento typ se vyskytuje, kdy\u017e je mo\u010dovod v m\u00edst\u011b vstupu do mo\u010dov\u00e9ho m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 tenk\u00fd. Tento blok zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee se mo\u010dovod d\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159uje. Z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee \u010dasem ledvinu po\u0161kodit. Probl\u00e9m lze vy\u0159e\u0161it chirurgick\u00fdm z\u00e1krokem. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, abyste sledovali sv\u00e9ho poskytovatele zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de, i kdy\u017e se p\u0159\u00edznaky zlep\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed megaurychlova\u010de<\/strong><br>\nJedn\u00e1 se o megauretery, kter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed jako d\u016fsledek jin\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto zdravotn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed megauretery, jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>zadn\u00ed chlopn\u011b mo\u010dov\u00e9 trubice (blok v mu\u017esk\u00e9 mo\u010dov\u00e9 trubici).<\/li><li>syndrom \u0161vestkov\u00e9ho b\u0159icha<\/li><li>neurogenn\u00ed mo\u010dov\u00fd m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159 (roz\u0161t\u011bp p\u00e1te\u0159e, poran\u011bn\u00ed m\u00edchy atd.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69789-1024x768.png\" alt=\"n\u00e1hled_69789\" class=\"wp-image-8562\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69789-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69789-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69789-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-2 wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\">Jste p\u0159ipraveni za\u010d\u00edt pracovat na Mind the Graph?<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ledvin<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f mohou selh\u00e1n\u00ed ledvin zp\u016fsobit jin\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 ledviny postupn\u011b trvale po\u0161kozuj\u00ed. Pokud jsou tedy ledviny po\u0161kozeny, nemus\u00ed pracovat tak dob\u0159e, jak by m\u011bly. Pokud se po\u0161kozen\u00ed nad\u00e1le zhor\u0161uje, m\u016f\u017ee se u pacienta vyvinout chronick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ledvin. Chronick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ledvin po\u0161kozuje nefrony pomalu v pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u011bkolika let. Selh\u00e1n\u00ed ledvin je nav\u00edc posledn\u00edm (nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm) stadiem chronick\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ledvin. Proto se selh\u00e1n\u00ed ledvin naz\u00fdv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 kone\u010dn\u00e9 stadium onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ledvin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina onemocn\u011bn\u00ed mo\u010dov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu napad\u00e1 nefrony. Toto po\u0161kozen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee ledviny nejsou schopny odstra\u0148ovat odpadn\u00ed l\u00e1tky. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou mohou b\u00fdt genetick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, \u00farazy nebo l\u00e9ky. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ledvin m\u00e1te, pokud trp\u00edte cukrovkou, vysok\u00fdm krevn\u00edm tlakem nebo m\u00e1te bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho \u010dlena rodiny s onemocn\u011bn\u00edm ledvin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69819-1024x768.png\" alt=\"n\u00e1hled_69819\" class=\"wp-image-8564\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69819-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69819-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69819-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-3 wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\">Zviditeln\u011bte se pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1stroje Mind The Graph<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Jak zobrazit v\u011bdeck\u00e1 data pomoc\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch grafick\u00fdch abstrakt\u016f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161echny tyto \u00fadaje jsem vytvo\u0159il pomoc\u00ed grafu mysli. Pokud chcete zlep\u0161it svou komunikaci v oblasti v\u011bdy, m\u016f\u017eete k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed grafick\u00fdch abstrakt\u016f pou\u017e\u00edt tak\u00e9 program mind the graph. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017eete v programu Mind the graph vytv\u00e1\u0159et prezentace a v\u011bdeck\u00e9 postery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mo\u010dov\u00fd syst\u00e9m spolupracuje s pl\u00edcemi, k\u016f\u017e\u00ed a st\u0159evy na udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a vody v t\u011ble. Dosp\u011bl\u00ed vylu\u010duj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 27 a\u017e 68 tekut\u00fdch unc\u00ed (800 a\u017e 2 000 mililitr\u016f) denn\u011b. Tento \u00fadaj vych\u00e1z\u00ed z typick\u00e9ho denn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu 68 unc\u00ed tekutin (2 litry), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Krom\u011b toho [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8568,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[193,66,958],"tags":[96,51,777],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Urinary system diseases: Infographics to understand - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The urinary system maintain the balance of chemicals and water in the body. 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