{"id":29255,"date":"2023-08-29T09:34:20","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T12:34:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/one-way-anova-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-08-29T10:09:50","modified_gmt":"2023-08-29T13:09:50","slug":"pros-and-cons-of-open-access-publishing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/vyhody-a-nevyhody-otevreneho-publikovani\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem: pos\u00edlen\u00ed postaven\u00ed akademik\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jste v\u011bdec, pro kter\u00e9ho je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 shroma\u017e\u010fovat v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky? A i kdy\u017e je najdete, \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 to p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho pen\u011bz, ne\u017e se k nim dostanete? Tak to se nemus\u00edte b\u00e1t. Jako v\u011bdec byste t\u011b\u017eko platili za ka\u017ed\u00fd druh\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba vyhledat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aby se tento probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161il, byl zaveden model zvan\u00fd Open Access Publishing, v jeho\u017e r\u00e1mci je neomezen\u00fd po\u010det v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd za nulovou cenu. Poj\u010fme se pono\u0159it do hloubky toho, co je to publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem, jeho typy a v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody publikov\u00e1n\u00ed v re\u017eimu otev\u0159en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu<\/strong> v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co je publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Open access publishing je model v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho publikov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje neomezen\u00fd a bezplatn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edmu akademick\u00e9mu obsahu online. Umo\u017e\u0148uje ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo m\u00e1 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k internetu, \u010d\u00edst, stahovat, kop\u00edrovat, \u0161\u00ed\u0159it a vyu\u017e\u00edvat publikovan\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly bez jak\u00fdchkoli finan\u010dn\u00edch nebo pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tradi\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k publikov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuje vydavatele, kte\u0159\u00ed vyb\u00edraj\u00ed p\u0159edplatn\u00e9 nebo ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed jednotlivc\u016fm \u010di instituc\u00edm poplatky za p\u0159\u00edstup k akademick\u00fdm \u010dasopis\u016fm a \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016fm. To m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit omezen\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edstupu ke znalostem, zejm\u00e9na pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed si nemohou dovolit vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na p\u0159edplatn\u00e9 nebo nejsou spojeni s dob\u0159e financovan\u00fdmi institucemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Naproti tomu c\u00edlem publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem je zp\u0159\u00edstupnit v\u00fdzkum a znalosti ve\u0159ejnosti. Auto\u0159i nebo jejich instituce obvykle hrad\u00ed n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 s recenzn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, editac\u00ed a publikov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u00edm, \u017ee vydavateli plat\u00ed poplatek za zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku (APC). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek: Co je otev\u0159en\u00e1 v\u011bda a pro\u010d je ve v\u00fdzkumu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdhody publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm pracovn\u00edk\u016fm, instituc\u00edm i \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti \u0159adu v\u00fdhod. Mezi tyto v\u00fdhody pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup: <\/strong>Publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem umo\u017e\u0148uje neomezen\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016fm a odstra\u0148uje finan\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, kter\u00e9 mohou br\u00e1nit \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed znalost\u00ed. V\u00fdzkumn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci ze v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00ed, bez ohledu na jejich institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost nebo finan\u010dn\u00ed zdroje, mohou voln\u011b p\u0159istupovat k v\u011bdeck\u00e9mu obsahu a vyu\u017e\u00edvat jej.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed sd\u00edlen\u00ed znalost\u00ed: <\/strong>Otev\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup umo\u017e\u0148uje rychl\u00e9 a \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u00fdzkumu. Usnad\u0148uje spolupr\u00e1ci mezi v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdmi pracovn\u00edky po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a podporuje v\u00fdm\u011bnu my\u0161lenek a znalost\u00ed v celosv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 viditelnost a dopad: <\/strong>\u010cl\u00e1nky s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem jsou viditeln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it jejich \u010dtenost a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed dopad. V\u00fdzkumn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed publikuj\u00ed v \u010dasopisech s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem, mohou zaznamenat vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru citovanosti, co\u017e vede k v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu uzn\u00e1n\u00ed v jejich oboru.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Ekonomick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ednosy: <\/strong>Publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k \u00faspor\u00e1m n\u00e1klad\u016f pro instituce i jednotlivce. P\u0159edplatn\u00e9 tradi\u010dn\u00edch \u010dasopis\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt drah\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na pro knihovny a v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky v regionech s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy. Otev\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup eliminuje n\u00e1klady na p\u0159edplatn\u00e9, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148uje v\u00fdzkum a umo\u017e\u0148uje instituc\u00edm efektivn\u011bji rozd\u011blovat sv\u00e9 zdroje.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Nev\u00fdhody publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    P\u0159esto\u017ee publikov\u00e1n\u00ed v re\u017eimu otev\u0159en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u0159adu v\u00fdhod, m\u00e1 i ur\u010dit\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Probl\u00e9my s financov\u00e1n\u00edm: <\/strong>P\u0159i publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem mus\u00ed auto\u0159i nebo jejich instituce \u010dasto platit poplatky za zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku (APC), aby pokryli n\u00e1klady na publikov\u00e1n\u00ed. To m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavovat finan\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, zejm\u00e9na pro v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky s omezen\u00fdmi finan\u010dn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky nebo pro pracovn\u00edky z instituc\u00ed s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Obavy z kontroly kvality: <\/strong>P\u0159esto\u017ee mnoho \u010dasopis\u016f s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem dodr\u017euje p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 recenzn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vzhledem k velk\u00e9mu mno\u017estv\u00ed publikac\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 zajistit d\u016fslednou kontrolu kvality. \u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pred\u00e1torsk\u00fdch \u010dasopis\u016f, kter\u00e9 up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed zisk p\u0159ed akademickou integritou, p\u0159edstavuje riziko pro d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Udr\u017eitelnost obchodn\u00edch model\u016f: <\/strong>Finan\u010dn\u00ed udr\u017eitelnost model\u016f publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 probl\u00e9mem. N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010dasopisy s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed pouze na poplatky za zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, co\u017e nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt dlouhodob\u011b \u017eivotaschopn\u00e9. Je t\u0159eba prozkoumat alternativn\u00ed modely financov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako jsou institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed dotace nebo konsorci\u00e1ln\u00ed dohody, aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna trval\u00e1 dostupnost kvalitn\u00edch publikac\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Omezen\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup ke star\u0161\u00edmu v\u00fdzkumu:<\/strong> Zat\u00edmco publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem podporuje dostupnost nov\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu, nemus\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it dostupnost star\u0161\u00edch publikac\u00ed. Omezen\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v nebo neexistence retroaktivn\u00ed politiky otev\u0159en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu mohou zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee star\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky nebudou p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. Nerovnost v distribuci znalost\u00ed:<\/strong> Navzdory c\u00edli inkluzivity publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem zcela neodstra\u0148uje rozd\u00edly v p\u0159\u00edstupu ke znalostem. V\u00fdzkumn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci v regionech s omezen\u00fdmi zdroji mohou st\u00e1le \u010delit probl\u00e9m\u016fm s p\u0159\u00edstupem k internetu nebo mohou postr\u00e1dat pot\u0159ebnou infrastrukturu pro efektivn\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Typy model\u016f publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy model\u016f publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem, kter\u00e9 usnad\u0148uj\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f a v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho obsahu. Mezi tyto modely pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. Zlat\u00fd otev\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup:<\/strong> V modelu zlat\u00e9ho otev\u0159en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu jsou \u010dl\u00e1nky publikov\u00e1ny v \u010dasopisech s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem, kter\u00e9 \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148uj\u00ed obsah voln\u011b ihned po zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed. Tyto \u010dasopisy obvykle financuj\u00ed svou \u010dinnost prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm poplatk\u016f za zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f (APC), kter\u00e9 plat\u00ed auto\u0159i nebo jejich instituce. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Zelen\u00fd otev\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup:<\/strong> Zelen\u00fd otev\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee auto\u0159i ulo\u017e\u00ed verzi sv\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku do repozit\u00e1\u0159e, jako je institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed repozit\u00e1\u0159 nebo repozit\u00e1\u0159 pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed obor, zat\u00edmco kone\u010dn\u00e1 publikovan\u00e1 verze z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 za placenou zd\u00ed v p\u0159edplacen\u00e9m \u010dasopise. Deponovan\u00e1 verze, \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako preprint nebo postprint, je voln\u011b dostupn\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnosti, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k v\u00fdzkumu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Hybridn\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup: <\/strong>Hybridn\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup ozna\u010duje model, kdy \u010dasopisy nab\u00edzej\u00ed jak otev\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, tak p\u0159edplatn\u00e9. V tomto modelu se auto\u0159i mohou rozhodnout zaplatit APC, aby se jejich jednotliv\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky staly otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem v r\u00e1mci \u010dasopisu zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na p\u0159edplatn\u00e9m. Ostatn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky v r\u00e1mci t\u00e9ho\u017e \u010dasopisu v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 pouze p\u0159edplatitel\u016fm. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. Diamantov\u00fd nebo platinov\u00fd otev\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup: <\/strong>Diamantov\u00fd otev\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako platinov\u00fd otev\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, zahrnuje \u010dasopisy, kter\u00e9 jsou zcela otev\u0159en\u00e9 a ne\u00fa\u010dtuj\u00ed autor\u016fm poplatky za zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku (APC). Tyto \u010dasopisy se \u010dasto spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na alternativn\u00ed modely financov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako jsou institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed dotace nebo pr\u00e1ce dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f, aby pokryly n\u00e1klady na publikov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. Bronzov\u00fd otev\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup:<\/strong> Bronzov\u00fd model otev\u0159en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010dl\u00e1nky jsou voln\u011b dostupn\u00e9 po uplynut\u00ed doby embarga. B\u011bhem tohoto obdob\u00ed jsou \u010dl\u00e1nky p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 pouze p\u0159edplatitel\u016fm nebo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm placen\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed. Po uplynut\u00ed doby embarga jsou \u010dl\u00e1nky voln\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Model publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem zp\u016fsobil revoluci v \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu t\u00edm, \u017ee odstranil bari\u00e9ry v p\u0159\u00edstupu ke znalostem. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zlat\u00e9ho, zelen\u00e9ho, hybridn\u00edho, diamantov\u00e9ho a bronzov\u00e9ho modelu otev\u0159en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu p\u0159ijali v\u00fdzkumn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci a instituce z\u00e1sady otev\u0159enosti, transparentnosti a inkluzivity p\u0159i sd\u00edlen\u00ed sv\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Exkluzivn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd obsah vytvo\u0159en\u00fd v\u011bdci<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli jste n\u011bkdy o tom, jak se n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce stanou popul\u00e1rn\u00edmi b\u011bhem ur\u010dit\u00e9ho \u010dasov\u00e9ho \u00faseku? Je to d\u00edky exkluzivn\u00edmu obsahu spolu se spr\u00e1vn\u00fdmi vizu\u00e1ln\u00edmi prvky. V\u011bdeck\u00e9 vizu\u00e1ly, grafy a infografiky umoc\u0148uj\u00ed obsah v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce a usnad\u0148uj\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed a pochopen\u00ed t\u00e9matu. Takov\u00e9 infografiky najdete u spole\u010dnosti Mind the Graph, kterou vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v\u011bdci, aby pomohli sv\u00fdm koleg\u016fm v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016fm. Na co tedy \u010dekat? Zaregistrujte se nyn\u00ed Mind the Graph<\/a>! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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        \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
        <\/div>\n\n\n\n
        \n
        Za\u010dn\u011bte tvo\u0159it s Mind the Graph<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
        <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Seznamte se s v\u00fdhodami a nev\u00fdhodami publikov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem, abyste se mohli rozhodnout, zda je pro v\u00e1s vhodn\u00fd. Zde se dozv\u00edte v\u0161e o jeho d\u016fsledc\u00edch. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":29257,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nPros and Cons of Open Access Publishing: Empowering Academics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Get to know the pros and cons of open access publishing to help you decide if it's right for you. 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