{"id":27803,"date":"2023-05-16T08:25:52","date_gmt":"2023-05-16T11:25:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=27803"},"modified":"2023-09-13T09:28:58","modified_gmt":"2023-09-13T12:28:58","slug":"missions-to-the-moon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/mise-na-mesic\/","title":{"rendered":"Ilustrovan\u00e9 mise na M\u011bs\u00edc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Mise na M\u011bs\u00edc jsou ji\u017e mnoho let p\u0159edm\u011btem z\u00e1jmu a zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed. S ka\u017edou mis\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me v\u00edce poznatk\u016f o M\u011bs\u00edci a jeho mo\u017en\u00e9m vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed mise na M\u011bs\u00edc se uskute\u010dnila v roce 1969, z\u00e1jem o M\u011bs\u00edc v\u0161ak neopadl a od t\u00e9 doby se uskute\u010dnilo n\u011bkolik mis\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u011bs\u00edc odjak\u017eiva p\u0159itahoval lidskou p\u0159edstavivost a d\u00edky technologick\u00e9mu pokroku jsme nyn\u00ed schopni prozkoumat M\u011bs\u00edc podrobn\u011bji. Mise na M\u011bs\u00edc maj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro pozn\u00e1n\u00ed jeho povrchu, \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zdroj\u016f. V\u011bdci neust\u00e1le hledaj\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak zlep\u0161it sv\u00e9 znalosti o M\u011bs\u00edci a jak je vyu\u017e\u00edt ve prosp\u011bch \u017eivota na Zemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se dozv\u00edte podrobnosti o mis\u00edch na M\u011bs\u00edc a pod\u00edv\u00e1te se na n\u011b z pohledu na\u0161ich v\u011bdeck\u00fdch ilustrac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Kolik let\u016f na M\u011bs\u00edc se uskute\u010dnilo?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Od prvn\u00edch pokus\u016f o dosa\u017een\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce se k p\u0159irozen\u00e9 dru\u017eici Zem\u011b uskute\u010dnilo v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 mis\u00ed. Ne v\u0161echny mise v\u0161ak byly \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 a n\u011bkolik pokus\u016f skon\u010dilo ne\u00fasp\u011bchem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Kolikr\u00e1t se lid\u00e9 vydali na M\u011bs\u00edc?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Celkem se na M\u011bs\u00edc vydalo 24 pilotovan\u00fdch mis\u00ed, z nich\u017e \u0161est \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b p\u0159ist\u00e1lo na jeho povrchu. V\u0161ech t\u011bchto \u0161est pilotovan\u00fdch mis\u00ed bylo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed programu NASA Apollo, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e posledn\u00edm \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00edm byla mise Apollo 17 v roce 1972.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vedle pilotovan\u00fdch mis\u00ed se na M\u011bs\u00edc uskute\u010dnila \u0159ada mis\u00ed bez pos\u00e1dky, a\u0165 u\u017e \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch, nebo ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch. Tyto mise uskute\u010dnily r\u016fzn\u00e9 vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 agentury, v\u010detn\u011b NASA, vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho programu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho N\u00e1rodn\u00edho vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu. Mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bezpilotn\u00ed mise na M\u011bs\u00edc pat\u0159\u00ed mise Luna 1 a Luna 2 Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu v roce 1959, mise Surveyor NASA v 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed a ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 mise Chang'e \u010c\u00edny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Kolik zem\u00ed se pro\u0161lo po M\u011bs\u00edci?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Celkem se pouze t\u0159em zem\u00edm poda\u0159ilo p\u0159ist\u00e1t s kosmickou lod\u00ed na M\u011bs\u00edci a uskute\u010dnit tam misi s pos\u00e1dkou. Jako prvn\u00edm se to poda\u0159ilo Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm, kter\u00e9 v roce 1969 uskute\u010dnily historickou misi Apollo 11. N\u00e1sledovalo dal\u0161\u00edch p\u011bt mis\u00ed Apollo do roku 1972. Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz, dnes zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Rusko, vyslal na M\u011bs\u00edc n\u011bkolik kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed bez pos\u00e1dky, v\u010detn\u011b v\u016fbec prvn\u00edho \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho m\u011bkk\u00e9ho p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 1966, ale jeho mise s pos\u00e1dkou nikdy nep\u0159ekro\u010dily ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu Zem\u011b.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010c\u00edna se v roce 2013 stala t\u0159et\u00ed zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b p\u0159ist\u00e1la s kosmickou lod\u00ed na M\u011bs\u00edci (mise Chang'e 3), a od t\u00e9 doby vyslala n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch mis\u00ed k pr\u016fzkumu m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho povrchu. K dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed tyto t\u0159i zem\u011b jedin\u00fdmi, kter\u00e9 na M\u011bs\u00edci \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b p\u0159ist\u00e1ly a prozkoumaly ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 pilotovan\u00e9 lety na M\u011bs\u00edc na p\u0159\u00edkladu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Abychom v\u00e1m nab\u00eddli nov\u00fd pohled na mise na M\u011bs\u00edc, p\u0159inesli jsme 6 nov\u00fdch ilustrac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed ka\u017edou z t\u011bch \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch mis\u00ed a kter\u00e9 jsou ji\u017e k dispozici v na\u0161\u00ed galerii. V\u0161echny tyto mise uskute\u010dnila NASA v r\u00e1mci programu Apollo v letech 1969-1972.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Mise 1: Apollo 11 (1969)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-11-mission-zoom-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27807\" width=\"373\" height=\"373\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-11-mission-zoom-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-11-mission-zoom-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-11-mission-zoom-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-11-mission-zoom-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-11-mission-zoom-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-11-mission-zoom-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-11-mission-zoom-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-11-mission-zoom-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 373px) 100vw, 373px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Ilustrace je k dispozici na <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Prvn\u00ed mis\u00ed na M\u011bs\u00edc byla historick\u00e1 mise Apollo 11, kterou NASA zah\u00e1jila 16. \u010dervence 1969. Vesm\u00edrnou lo\u010f pilotovali t\u0159i astronauti: Velitel Neil Armstrong, pilot lun\u00e1rn\u00edho modulu Edwin \"Buzz\" Aldrin a pilot velitelsk\u00e9ho modulu Michael Collins. Mise byla vyvrcholen\u00edm desetilet\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed NASA o p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed na M\u011bs\u00edci a jejich bezpe\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1vrat na Zemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po cest\u011b dlouh\u00e9 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 240 000 kilometr\u016f se lun\u00e1rn\u00ed modul pojmenovan\u00fd \"Eagle\" odd\u011blil od velitelsk\u00e9ho modulu a 20. \u010dervence p\u0159ist\u00e1l na povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce. Mise znamenala v\u00fdznamn\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch v oblasti lidsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu vesm\u00edru a odstartovala novou \u00e9ru v\u011bdeck\u00fdch objev\u016f a zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Mise 2: Apollo 12 (1969)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-12-mission-zoom-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27809\" width=\"372\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-12-mission-zoom-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-12-mission-zoom-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-12-mission-zoom-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-12-mission-zoom-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-12-mission-zoom-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-12-mission-zoom-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-12-mission-zoom-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-12-mission-zoom-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Ilustrace je k dispozici na <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Apollo 12 odstartovalo 14. listopadu 1969, jen n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po historick\u00e9 misi Apolla 11. Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem mise byl dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fzkum a v\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdzkum povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pos\u00e1dka uskute\u010dnila dv\u011b proch\u00e1zky po M\u011bs\u00edci, p\u0159i nich\u017e odebrala vzorky hornin a p\u016fdy a rozm\u00edstila v\u011bdeck\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje. Mise byla \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 a astronauti se 24. listopadu 1969 vr\u00e1tili na Zemi. \u00dasp\u011bchy Apolla 12 pomohly polo\u017eit z\u00e1klady dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu M\u011bs\u00edce a prohloubily na\u0161e znalosti o na\u0161em nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm nebesk\u00e9m sousedovi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Mise 3: Apollo 14 (1971)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-14-mission-zoom-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27810\" width=\"373\" height=\"373\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-14-mission-zoom-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-14-mission-zoom-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-14-mission-zoom-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-14-mission-zoom-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-14-mission-zoom-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-14-mission-zoom-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-14-mission-zoom-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-14-mission-zoom-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 373px) 100vw, 373px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Ilustrace je k dispozici na <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Apollo 14 byla t\u0159et\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00ed mise NASA na M\u011bs\u00edci, kter\u00e1 odstartovala 31. ledna 1971. Pos\u00e1dku tvo\u0159ili velitel Alan Shepard, pilot lun\u00e1rn\u00edho modulu Edgar Mitchell a pilot velitelsk\u00e9ho modulu Stuart Roosa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem mise bylo odebrat vzorky hornin a p\u016fdy z oblasti m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed vyso\u010diny Fra Mauro, kter\u00e1 byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za vulkanickou oblast, a prov\u00e9st n\u011bkolik v\u011bdeck\u00fdch experiment\u016f. B\u011bhem proch\u00e1zky po M\u011bs\u00edci pos\u00e1dka nasb\u00edrala p\u0159es 90 kilogram\u016f vzork\u016f, instalovala v\u011bdeck\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje a provedla seismick\u00e9 experimenty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Mise 4: Apollo 15 (1971)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-15-mission-zoom-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27811\" width=\"370\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-15-mission-zoom-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-15-mission-zoom-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-15-mission-zoom-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-15-mission-zoom-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-15-mission-zoom-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-15-mission-zoom-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-15-mission-zoom-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-15-mission-zoom-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Ilustrace je k dispozici na <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Apollo 15 poskytlo neoceniteln\u00e9 \u00fadaje, kter\u00e9 prohloubily na\u0161e znalosti o p\u016fvodu, v\u00fdvoji a geologick\u00e9 historii M\u011bs\u00edce a p\u0159ipravily p\u016fdu pro komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budouc\u00ed pr\u016fzkum. Jejich mise se zam\u011b\u0159ila na prohlouben\u00ed na\u0161ich znalost\u00ed o geologii M\u011bs\u00edce a na prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch experiment\u016f na m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm povrchu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u011bhem t\u0159\u00ed proch\u00e1zek po M\u011bs\u00edci pou\u017eili lun\u00e1rn\u00ed voz\u00edtko (LRV), aby p\u0159ekonali v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost a nasb\u00edrali p\u0159es 170 kilogram\u016f vzork\u016f hornin a p\u016fdy, co\u017e je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sb\u00edrka ze v\u0161ech lun\u00e1rn\u00edch mis\u00ed. Mezit\u00edm nad nimi ob\u00edhal dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dlen pos\u00e1dky, kter\u00fd prov\u00e1d\u011bl experimenty a po\u0159izoval sn\u00edmky kamerou s vysok\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Mise 5: Apollo 16 (1972)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-16-mission-zoom-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27812\" width=\"371\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-16-mission-zoom-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-16-mission-zoom-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-16-mission-zoom-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-16-mission-zoom-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-16-mission-zoom-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-16-mission-zoom-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-16-mission-zoom-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-16-mission-zoom-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 371px) 100vw, 371px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Ilustrace je k dispozici na <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00e1tou mis\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ist\u00e1la na M\u011bs\u00edci, bylo Apollo 16, kter\u00e9 NASA vypustila 16. dubna 1972. Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem mise bylo prozkoumat m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed vyso\u010dinu a prov\u00e9st v\u011bdeck\u00e9 experimenty t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se geologie M\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nasb\u00edrali p\u0159es 200 kilogram\u016f vzork\u016f hornin a p\u016fdy a provedli n\u011bkolik experiment\u016f, zat\u00edmco Mattingly ob\u00edhal nad nimi. Mise byla \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 a poskytla nov\u00e9 cenn\u00e9 \u00fadaje o slo\u017een\u00ed a historii M\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Mise 6: Apollo 17 (1972)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-17-mission-zoom-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27813\" width=\"372\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-17-mission-zoom-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-17-mission-zoom-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-17-mission-zoom-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-17-mission-zoom-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-17-mission-zoom-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-17-mission-zoom-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-17-mission-zoom-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-17-mission-zoom-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Ilustrace je k dispozici na <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Posledn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou mis\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ist\u00e1la na M\u011bs\u00edci, bylo Apollo 17, kter\u00e9 NASA vypustila 7. prosince 1972. Jej\u00edm hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem bylo prov\u00e9st podrobn\u00fd geologick\u00fd pr\u016fzkum oblasti Taurus-Littrow Valley na M\u011bs\u00edci. Pos\u00e1dka str\u00e1vila na povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce v\u00edce ne\u017e 22 hodin, zat\u00edmco ostatn\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 z\u016fstali na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze M\u011bs\u00edce, kde prov\u00e1d\u011bli experimenty a fotografovali jeho povrch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mise byla naprosto \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 a vr\u00e1tila se s mno\u017estv\u00edm nov\u00fdch informac\u00ed o geologii, mineralogii a historii M\u011bs\u00edce. Jednalo se o posledn\u00ed misi NASA na M\u011bs\u00edc s lidskou pos\u00e1dkou. Od ukon\u010den\u00ed programu Apollo se na M\u011bs\u00edc nevr\u00e1tila \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pilotovan\u00e1 mise, ale v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch letech se pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed pilotovan\u00e9 mise na M\u011bs\u00edc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161echny tyto ilustrace z nov\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch mis\u00ed jsou k dispozici v na\u0161em <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">galerie<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Modern\u00ed mise na M\u011bs\u00edc: sou\u010dasn\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jednou z posledn\u00edch mis\u00ed na M\u011bs\u00edc byla mise Chang'e-5, kterou \u010c\u00edna vypustila v roce 2020. Mise byla \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 a p\u0159ivezla vzorky p\u016fdy z povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce. Vzorky byly zkoum\u00e1ny za \u00fa\u010delem lep\u0161\u00edho pochopen\u00ed vzniku M\u011bs\u00edce a jeho geologick\u00e9 historie. Tato mise byla pro \u010c\u00ednu v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem a znamenala miln\u00edk v jej\u00edm programu pr\u016fzkumu vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed mis\u00ed na M\u011bs\u00edc, kter\u00e1 vzbudila velkou pozornost, byl program Artemis, kter\u00fd zah\u00e1jila NASA. C\u00edlem programu je do roku 2024 op\u011bt p\u0159ist\u00e1t s lidmi na M\u011bs\u00edci a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee bude m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na v\u00fdzkum vesm\u00edru. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee program Artemis n\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt zdroj\u016fm M\u011bs\u00edce, jeho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a mo\u017enostem jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed. D\u00edky tomuto programu bychom mohli vyvinout technologie, kter\u00e9 by n\u00e1m umo\u017enily \u017e\u00edt na M\u011bs\u00edci a vyu\u017e\u00edvat jeho zdroje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Dal\u0161\u00ed mise NASA: Program Artemis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Program Artemis m\u00e1 napl\u00e1nov\u00e1no n\u011bkolik mis\u00ed a ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich je zam\u011b\u0159ena na dosa\u017een\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f. Prvn\u00ed mise, Artemis I, odstartovala bez pos\u00e1dky v roce 2021 a jej\u00edm c\u00edlem bylo otestovat Space Launch System a kosmickou lo\u010f Orion. Druh\u00e1 mise, Artemis II, by m\u011bla b\u00fdt mis\u00ed s pos\u00e1dkou, kter\u00e1 se brzy, v roce 2024, vyd\u00e1 na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu M\u011bs\u00edce. T\u0159et\u00ed mise, Artemis III, by m\u011bla na povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce p\u0159ist\u00e1t s lidmi. Tyto mise jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm krokem vp\u0159ed v na\u0161em v\u00fdzkumu M\u011bs\u00edce a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee n\u00e1m pomohou l\u00e9pe poznat jeho potenci\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b programu Artemis se v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti pl\u00e1nuje n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch mis\u00ed na M\u011bs\u00edc. C\u00edlem mise VIPER, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 odstartovat v roce 2023, je prozkoumat oblast ji\u017en\u00edho p\u00f3lu M\u011bs\u00edce a hledat vodn\u00ed led. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se tak\u00e9, \u017ee program CLPS uskute\u010dn\u00ed n\u011bkolik mis\u00ed k M\u011bs\u00edci a tyto mise se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na dopravu u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu na povrch M\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>V\u00fdznam modern\u00edch mis\u00ed na M\u011bs\u00edc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mise na M\u011bs\u00edc jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro na\u0161e pozn\u00e1n\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce a jeho mo\u017en\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed. S ka\u017edou mis\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me v\u00edce poznatk\u016f o povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce, jeho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zdroj\u00edch. Tyto poznatky lze vyu\u017e\u00edt k v\u00fdvoji technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed \u017e\u00edt na M\u011bs\u00edci a vyu\u017e\u00edvat jeho zdroje. M\u011bs\u00edc je cenn\u00fdm zdrojem a m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l n\u00e1m pomoci n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm ze zp\u016fsob\u016f vyu\u017eit\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce je v\u00fdzkum vesm\u00edru. S M\u011bs\u00edcem jako z\u00e1kladnou bychom mohli podnikat mise na jin\u00e9 planety a podrobn\u011bji zkoumat vesm\u00edr. Zdroje M\u011bs\u00edce by tak\u00e9 mohly b\u00fdt vyu\u017eity ke stavb\u011b kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch technologi\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro pr\u016fzkum vesm\u00edru. S M\u011bs\u00edcem jako z\u00e1kladnou bychom mohli vyvinout technologie, kter\u00e9 by zp\u0159\u00edstupnily pr\u016fzkum vesm\u00edru a u\u010dinily ho n\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu pomoc\u00ed Mind the Graph<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159etvo\u0159te jak\u00e1koli slo\u017eit\u00e1 data do kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch a snadno pochopiteln\u00fdch infografik. Kombinace nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdecky p\u0159esn\u00fdch ilustrac\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b s jednoduch\u00fdmi designov\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji je tajemstv\u00edm, d\u00edky n\u011bmu\u017e bude va\u0161e v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce relevantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed va\u0161emu publiku. P\u0159ihlaste se k odb\u011bru <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a> a za\u010dn\u011bte zkoumat n\u00e1\u0161 n\u00e1stroj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mind the Graph - Seznamte se s pracovn\u00edm prostorem\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Y2YMnuQPTFA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/\" style=\"border-radius:50px;background-color:#dc1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Za\u010dn\u011bte odpo\u010d\u00edvat s Mind the Graph<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zjist\u011bte zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 podrobnosti o mis\u00edch na M\u011bs\u00edc a pod\u00edvejte se na n\u011b z pohledu na\u0161ich v\u011bdeck\u00fdch ilustrac\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":27821,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Missions to the Moon illustrated - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn curious details about the missions to the Moon and see them through the perspective of our science illustrations.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/missioni-sulla-luna\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Missions to the moon illustrated\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn curious details about the missions to the Moon and see them through the perspective of our science illustrations.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/missioni-sulla-luna\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-05-16T11:25:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-09-13T12:28:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/missions-to-the-moon-blog.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1123\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"612\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Artur Zignani\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Missions to the moon illustrated\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Learn curious details about the missions to the Moon and see them through the perspective of our science illustrations.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/missions-to-the-moon-blog.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Artur Zignani\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Missions to the Moon illustrated - 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