{"id":26453,"date":"2023-04-10T15:17:16","date_gmt":"2023-04-10T18:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/the-last-of-us-science-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-04-25T08:31:20","modified_gmt":"2023-04-25T11:31:20","slug":"new-treatment-for-alzheimers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/nova-lecba-alzheimera\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je lekanemab, nov\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba Alzheimerovy choroby?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alzheimerova choroba a dal\u0161\u00ed demence vzrostla incidence a prevalence o 147,95% a 160,84%.<\/a>, resp. od roku 1990 do roku 2019. To ukazuje, jak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 je Alzheimerova choroba, kterou komplikuje skute\u010dnost, \u017ee neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd l\u00e9k. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pacienti a pe\u010dovatel\u00e9 hledaj\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu ji\u017e dlouho a ka\u017ed\u00e1 nov\u00e1 studie jim p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed novou nad\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Japonsk\u00e1 farmaceutick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Eisai objevila jeden konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed l\u00e9k, novou l\u00e9\u010dbu Alzheimerovy choroby, kter\u00fd zlep\u0161il kognitivn\u00ed funkce u pacient\u016f s Alzheimerovou chorobou, jak bylo zve\u0159ejn\u011bno v \u010dasopise Eisai. \u010dasopisu New England Journal of Medicine.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ilustrace jsou k dispozici na Mind the Graph<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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<\/a>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek Mind The Graph v\u00e1s sezn\u00e1m\u00ed s touto inovativn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbou a vysv\u011btl\u00ed v\u00e1m, jak m\u016f\u017ee zlep\u0161it dr\u00e1hu pacient\u016f s Alzheimerovou chorobou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161e, co pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt o nov\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010db\u011b Alzheimerovy choroby<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tato nov\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba Alzheimerovy choroby poch\u00e1z\u00ed z l\u00e9ku s n\u00e1zvem Lecanemab, kter\u00fd byl objeven b\u011bhem 18m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed studie f\u00e1ze 3 zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed osoby ve v\u011bku 50 a\u017e 90 let s \u010dasnou Alzheimerovou chorobou. Aby se tito jedinci mohli experimentu z\u00fa\u010dastnit, mus\u00ed m\u00edt st\u0159edn\u011b t\u011b\u017ekou kognitivn\u00ed poruchu nebo m\u00edrnou demenci zp\u016fsobenou Alzheimerovou chorobou a tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky amyloidn\u00edch plak\u016f v mozku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ilustrace jsou k dispozici na Mind the Graph<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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<\/a>Pacienti v tomto experimentu dost\u00e1vali bu\u010f intraven\u00f3zn\u00ed lekanemab, nebo placebo. Zm\u011bny byly m\u011b\u0159eny po 18 m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch. Po uplynut\u00ed t\u00e9to doby se u pacient\u016f s Alzheimerovou chorobou v ran\u00e9m st\u00e1diu, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvali Lecanemab, objevily n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky 27% m\u00e9n\u011b kognitivn\u00edch poruch<\/strong> ne\u017e ti, kte\u0159\u00ed dost\u00e1vali placebo. To odpov\u00edd\u00e1 0,45 bodu na 18bodov\u00e9 stupnici CDR-SB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem v\u011bdc\u016f zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se Alzheimerovou chorobou bylo naj\u00edt \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou l\u00e9\u010dbu, kter\u00e1 by bojovala s kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm bodem nemoci: amyloidn\u00edmi plaky v mozku, b\u00edlkovinou, kter\u00e1 naru\u0161uje neurony a dal\u0161\u00ed bu\u0148ky. Tento protein vznik\u00e1 rozpadem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho proteinu, ozna\u010dovan\u00e9ho jako amyloidn\u00ed prekurzor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nalezen\u00ed nov\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby Alzheimerovy choroby a l\u00e9ku, kter\u00fd by dok\u00e1zal blokovat amyloidn\u00ed plaky a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zm\u00edr\u0148ovat p\u0159\u00edznaky, bylo dosud t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 prohranou v\u00e1lkou. Lecanemab byl nicm\u00e9n\u011b prvn\u00edm l\u00e9kem, kter\u00e9mu se to poda\u0159ilo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V minulosti bylo provedeno mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch studi\u00ed srovnateln\u00fdch s touto studi\u00ed bez podobn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad l\u00e9k Aducanumab, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako Aduhelm, je l\u00e9k, kter\u00fd se stal dostupn\u00fdm v roce 2021. Podobn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Lecanemabu se osoby u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed Aducanumab zlep\u0161ily v kognitivn\u00edch testech ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s t\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvaly placebo. \u00da\u010dinky Aducanumabu odhalil d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum f\u00e1ze 1, kter\u00fd zahrnoval men\u0161\u00ed po\u010det pacient\u016f a byl zam\u011b\u0159en sp\u00ed\u0161e na zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti l\u00e9\u010dby ne\u017e na jej\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v\u00fdhody l\u00e9ku nebyly ve studi\u00edch f\u00e1ze 3 spolehliv\u011b a konzistentn\u011b zopakov\u00e1ny, rozhodlo se Centrum pro zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di a l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 slu\u017eby (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services) neproplatit vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na l\u00e9k, kter\u00fd stoj\u00ed $56 000 ro\u010dn\u011b a vy\u017eaduje dal\u0161\u00ed studie ke zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti l\u00e9\u010dby. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u010dkoli se oba l\u00e9ky zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt relativn\u011b podobn\u00e9, je t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, jak rozd\u00edln\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed, a proto se v\u011bdci domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee lekanemab bude m\u00edt mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek na zm\u011bnu pr\u016fb\u011bhu Alzheimerovy choroby. Aducanumab interaguje s amyloidn\u00edmi proteiny, kter\u00e9 se ji\u017e seskupily. Lecanemab naproti tomu zasahuje d\u0159\u00edve a zam\u011b\u0159uje se na \"protofibrily\" neboli vl\u00e1kna, kter\u00e1 se nakonec stanou plaky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ilustrace jsou k dispozici na Mind the Graph<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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<\/a>Existuj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee lekanemab m\u00e1 doposud m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f ne\u017e adukanumab. Spole\u010dnost Eisai, kter\u00e1 studii provedla, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee 12,6% pacient\u016f trp\u011blo z\u00e1n\u011btem mozku ARIA-E, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt smrteln\u00fd, ale je vyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u00fd, pokud se l\u00e9k p\u0159estane pod\u00e1vat nebo se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed jeho d\u00e1vka. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na druhou stranu se p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b u t\u0159etiny pacient\u016f u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch adukanumab vyvinula ARIA-E v pr\u016fb\u011bhu l\u00e9\u010dby. studie f\u00e1ze 3. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u011bhem experimentu s lekanemabem zem\u0159elo 13 pacient\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u00famrt\u00ed byla t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozd\u011blena mezi l\u00e9\u010debnou a placebovou skupinu - sedm \u00famrt\u00ed bylo ve skupin\u011b s l\u00e9\u010dbou a \u0161est ve skupin\u011b s placebem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00da\u0159ad FDA p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1 v\u0161e, co se b\u011bhem experimentu stalo, v\u010detn\u011b 13 \u00famrt\u00ed, a teprve pot\u00e9 l\u00e9k uvoln\u00ed. L\u00e9k se v\u0161ak zat\u00edm jev\u00ed jako slibn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159em\u011b\u0148te sv\u00e1 data na snadno srozumiteln\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Podle studie,<\/a> Lidsk\u00fd mozek je uzp\u016fsoben ke zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed, a to z\u00e1vratnou rychlost\u00ed. Obr\u00e1zky lze zpracovat nejm\u00e9n\u011b dvakr\u00e1t rychleji ne\u017e text. Vyu\u017eijte tedy tuto informaci ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch a vyberte si n\u00e1stroj, jako je Mind The Graph, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed snadno vytv\u00e1\u0159et esteticky atraktivn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly pro va\u0161i pr\u00e1ci a kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed textu p\u0159em\u011bnit na efektn\u00ed a p\u0159ehledn\u00e9 vizu\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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