{"id":25861,"date":"2022-12-09T15:25:29","date_gmt":"2022-12-09T18:25:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/challenges-in-science-copy\/"},"modified":"2022-12-21T15:39:45","modified_gmt":"2022-12-21T18:39:45","slug":"empirical-writing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/empiricke-psani\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je to empirick\u00e9 psan\u00ed? Zjist\u011bte, co obn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed empirick\u00e9 psan\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00da\u010delem ka\u017ed\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu je zve\u0159ejnit sv\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edt je jako podn\u011bt pro budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum. Proto je psan\u00ed nezbytn\u00fdm a trval\u00fdm aspektem v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho procesu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm aspektem postupu p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch a relevantn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. V\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdzkum je prakticky bezv\u00fdznamn\u00fd, pokud m\u00e1te v\u00fdborn\u011b napsan\u00fd a dob\u0159e navr\u017een\u00fd rukopis, ale nedod\u00e1te relevantn\u00ed informace. Psan\u00ed a \u00fadaje jdou ruku v ruce a abyste usp\u011bli, mus\u00edte m\u00edt oboj\u00ed provedeno bezchybn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00e1m objasn\u00ed, co je to empirick\u00e9 psan\u00ed a co obn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed, abyste ho mohli \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b prov\u00e9st.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Co je to empirick\u00e9 psan\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Empirick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce je popisov\u00e1na jako jak\u00fdkoli v\u00fdzkum, jeho\u017e z\u00e1v\u011bry jsou d\u016fsledn\u011b zalo\u017eeny na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch empirick\u00fdch d\u016fkazech, a tedy \"prokazateln\u00fdch\" d\u016fkazech.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tyto empirick\u00e9 \u00fadaje lze z\u00edskat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kvantitativn\u00edch a kvalitativn\u00edch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch metod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Kvantitativn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kvantitativn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 metody se p\u0159i z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed poznatk\u016f op\u00edraj\u00ed o \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 \u00fadaje. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se ke kvantifikaci my\u0161lenek, \u010dinnost\u00ed nebo jin\u00fdch zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch charakteristik. Ty jsou p\u0159edem definovan\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edd\u00ed se v\u00edce reglementovanou strukturou. Pro kvantitativn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum se pravideln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pr\u016fzkumy, longitudin\u00e1ln\u00ed studie, ankety a dal\u0161\u00ed metodiky.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Kvalitativn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00e9 ne\u017e \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 informace jsou shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed kvalitativn\u00edch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch metod. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se k z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdznam\u016f, n\u00e1zor\u016f nebo p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00fdch faktor\u016f od subjekt\u016f. Tyto metodiky jsou bu\u010f nestrukturovan\u00e9, nebo polostrukturovan\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Velikost vzorku pro takov\u00fd projekt je \u010dasto omezen\u00e1 a jedn\u00e1 se o konverza\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup, kter\u00fd poskytuje dal\u0161\u00ed poznatky nebo hlub\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti o t\u00e9matu. Mezi nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy pat\u0159\u00ed fokusn\u00ed skupiny, experimenty a rozhovory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Sekce empirick\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u00davod<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd projekt, stejn\u011b jako ka\u017ed\u00fd jin\u00fd, vy\u017eaduje \u00favod, kter\u00fd definuje t\u00e9ma a ot\u00e1zku, na kterou chce v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk odpov\u011bd\u011bt prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. Vysv\u011btluje tak\u00e9, pro\u010d je toto t\u00e9ma zkoum\u00e1no a jak by zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mohla b\u00fdt cenn\u00e1 nebo relevantn\u00ed pro budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum nebo obor studia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>P\u0159ehled literatury<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Zat\u00edmco standardn\u00ed p\u0159ehled literatury mus\u00ed zahrnovat d\u016fkazy o literatu\u0159e pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu, empirick\u00fd p\u0159ehled literatury, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako systematick\u00fd p\u0159ehled literatury, zkoum\u00e1 p\u0159edchoz\u00ed empirick\u00e9 studie, aby poskytl \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, a sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e na hypot\u00e9z\u00e1ch nebo p\u0159edpokladech, z nich\u017e se vyvozuj\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry, z\u00e1vis\u00ed empirick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum na pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u011b\u0159en\u00edch, aby odpov\u011bd\u011bl na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e9 sestavit seznam osob, \u010dinnost\u00ed nebo ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Metodika<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Metodika pln\u011b popisuje, co v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu provedl. Je t\u0159eba popsat n\u011bkolik prvk\u016f v\u00fdzkumu, jako nap\u0159:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Obecn\u00e1 struktura a opera\u010dn\u00ed postup experimentu\/pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Analyzovan\u00e9 skupiny, velikost ka\u017ed\u00e9 skupiny, charakteristiky jednotlivc\u016f, pokud jsou pro v\u00fdzkum relevantn\u00ed;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zm\u011bny prom\u011bnn\u00fdch mezi skupinami nebo prom\u011bnn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 v d\u016fsledku zm\u011bn;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Podm\u00ednky v\u00fdzkumu, faktory nebo zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 mohly ovlivnit v\u00fdsledky;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Postupy pro sb\u011br a anal\u00fdzu dat;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jak\u00e1koli omezen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>V\u00fdsledky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti budou pops\u00e1na v\u0161echna zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, po\u010d\u00ednaje nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi objevy a kon\u010de t\u011bmi m\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi. Nap\u0159\u00edklad nejprve m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uvedeno celkov\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a pot\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Diskuse<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V \u010d\u00e1sti v\u011bnovan\u00e9 diskusi jsou zkoum\u00e1ny d\u016fsledky zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad vliv tohoto v\u00fdzkumu na dosavadn\u00ed poznatky o dan\u00e9 problematice a praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto nov\u00fdch informac\u00ed. Rovn\u011b\u017e se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 pozitivn\u00edmi aspekty a nedostatky v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Referen\u010dn\u00ed seznam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato \u010d\u00e1st je z\u00e1v\u011brem empirick\u00e9ho textu a m\u011bla by obsahovat seznam v\u0161ech informac\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch z extern\u00edch zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 jste pou\u017eili nebo zm\u00ednili ve sv\u00e9m empirick\u00e9m textu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 ilustrace, kter\u00e9 zlep\u0161\u00ed p\u016fsobivost va\u0161ich dokument\u016f&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Proveden\u00ed empirick\u00e9 studie m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na s ohledem na v\u0161echny podrobn\u00e9 informace, kter\u00e9 mus\u00edte \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm p\u0159edlo\u017eit pro \u00fapln\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed. Pou\u017eijte <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pozor na graf<\/a> a p\u0159etvo\u0159it data do kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch ilustrac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed p\u016fsobivost va\u0161ich dokument\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"V\u00fdukov\u00fd program | Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed procesn\u00ed infografiky na Mind the Graph\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/KW8f-mA6dqA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/\" style=\"border-radius:50px;background-color:#dc1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zvy\u0161te sv\u016fj v\u00fdzkum pomoc\u00ed ilustrac\u00ed<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o empirick\u00e9m psan\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b jeho definice a toho, co zahrnuje: kvantitativn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, kvalitativn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":25884,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is Empirical Writing? 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Currently developing scientific and intellectual knowledge for the community's benefit. Jessica is an animal rights activist who enjoys reading and drinking strong coffee.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jessica-abbadia-9b834a13b\/"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/author\/jessica\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25861"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25861"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25861\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25898,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25861\/revisions\/25898"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25884"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25861"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}