{"id":25828,"date":"2022-12-06T11:30:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-06T14:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=25828"},"modified":"2022-12-21T15:13:21","modified_gmt":"2022-12-21T18:13:21","slug":"methodological-flaws-in-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/metodologicke-chyby-ve-vyzkumu\/","title":{"rendered":"Metodologick\u00e9 nedostatky ve v\u00fdzkumu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vady v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce je \u010dasto t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 odhalit. Obvykle je snadn\u00e9 odhalit chyby v rozmazan\u00e9m abstraktu, kter\u00fd je m\u00e1lo zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd a neobsahuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 data, ale n\u011bkdy to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Dobr\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va: existuje docela jednoduch\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. P\u0159i recenzov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pochopit, jak chybu odhalit, jak ji identifikovat a v jak\u00e9m rozsahu se jedn\u00e1 o chybu.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chybn\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 metodiky mohou v\u00e9st k zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edm \u00fadaj\u016fm. Pokud nen\u00ed metodika pe\u010dliv\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eena, existuje mnoho zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdzkum proveden nespr\u00e1vn\u011b. N\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fd\u010det se neomezuje pouze na n\u011b, ale p\u0159esto si n\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bch nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch projdeme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e9 jsou metodologick\u00e9 nedostatky v\u00fdzkumu?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m oboru se prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy studi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vedou k r\u016fzn\u00fdm typ\u016fm v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch chyb. Pro za\u010d\u00e1tek v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edej\u00edt b\u011b\u017en\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edm chyb\u00e1m v rukopisech. S prax\u00ed a znalost\u00ed kritick\u00e9ho \u010dten\u00ed rukopis\u016f lze tento seznam roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it o dal\u0161\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si n\u00e1\u0161 \u010dl\u00e1nek, kde se dozv\u00edte v\u00edce o metodika v\u00fdzkumu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Pou\u017eit\u00ed nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho designu<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Pro dosa\u017een\u00ed platn\u00fdch a v\u011bdecky podlo\u017een\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed design v\u00fdzkumu. Porozum\u011bt terminologii t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se oblasti v\u00fdzkumu. Zva\u017ete, jak m\u016f\u017ee neobvykl\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup ovlivnit data a anal\u00fdzu, pokud se s n\u00edm ve studii setk\u00e1te. V\u011bnujte pozornost argument\u016fm a zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f. N\u011bco nov\u00e9ho a nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b znamenat nep\u0159esnost nebo chybu. Pouze je t\u0159eba mu v\u011bnovat v\u00edce pozornosti b\u011bhem procesu recenzov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. V\u00fdb\u011br velikosti vzork\u016f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech jsou v\u00fdsledky z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1ny z p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e9ho vzorku pro p\u0159esnou anal\u00fdzu. \u00dadaje z re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho \u017eivota vy\u017eaduj\u00ed p\u0159i anal\u00fdze ur\u010dit\u00fd nadhled. V z\u00e1vislosti na situaci m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jeden sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 platn\u00fd, zat\u00edmco druh\u00fd nikoli. P\u0159i anal\u00fdze dat je proto t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit velikost vzorku a to, zda zahrnuje celou demografickou skupinu. Mal\u00e9 vzorky nelze analyzovat pomoc\u00ed procent; v\u017edy je t\u0159eba uv\u00e1d\u011bt absolutn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. Nedodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed metodik\/standard\u016f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, jak byly v\u00fdsledky z\u00edsk\u00e1ny, by m\u011blo b\u00fdt uvedeno v \u010d\u00e1sti o metod\u00e1ch. Pokud m\u00e1te ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b platnosti \u010d\u00edseln\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f, m\u011bli byste je vzn\u00e9st. Pe\u010dliv\u011b prozkoumejte zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f, zda v n\u011bm nejsou n\u011bjak\u00e9 anom\u00e1lie, abyste v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby mohli polo\u017eit dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky. Za \u0161patnou praxi se pova\u017euje tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed irelevantn\u00edch v\u00fdraz\u016f, neobjektivn\u00edch tvrzen\u00ed a n\u00e1zorov\u011b vyhran\u011bn\u00fdch projev\u016f b\u011bhem studie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. Mno\u017estv\u00ed slov<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho slov je \u010dast\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem rukopis\u016f. Dbejte na to, aby va\u0161e texty byly pokud mo\u017eno stru\u010dn\u00e9, jasn\u00e9 a p\u016fsobiv\u00e9. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e1 slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soba m\u016f\u017ee \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e p\u0159estat zaj\u00edmat, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 interpretaci v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku. K chyb\u00e1m tohoto typu ob\u010das doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i nedostatku zku\u0161enost\u00ed, je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vyhnout se ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 jsou \u010dasto konstruov\u00e1ny tak, aby zkreslovaly v\u00fdsledky. V\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 studie s nov\u00fdm dotazn\u00edkem je jedin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak tuto chybu vy\u0159e\u0161it, na rozd\u00edl od n\u011bkter\u00fdch jin\u00fdch typ\u016f chyb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          1. P\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 d\u016fkazy jsou nedostate\u010dn\u00e9<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            Je nezbytn\u00e9, aby shrnut\u00ed a z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 odstavce v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce byly zalo\u017eeny na d\u016fkazech a od\u016fvodn\u011bny. M\u016f\u017ee se vyskytnout probl\u00e9m s metodologick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f, dal\u0161\u00ed odkazy nebo pot\u0159eba dal\u0161\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, kter\u00e9 nesouhlas\u00ed s v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sb\u00edrka v\u011bdecky p\u0159esn\u00fdch ilustrac\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            Ano, \u010dtete spr\u00e1vn\u011b. S Mind the Graph m\u016f\u017eete v\u011bdu zprost\u0159edkovat t\u00edm nejlep\u0161\u00edm mo\u017en\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem pomoc\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch ilustrac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu obor\u016f. Ur\u010dit\u011b si prohl\u00e9dn\u011bte na\u0161i galerii, kter\u00e1 je pravideln\u011b aktualizov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            <\/div>\n\n\n
            \n
            \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
            <\/div>\n\n\n\n
            \n
            Zvy\u0161te sv\u016fj v\u00fdzkum pomoc\u00ed ilustrac\u00ed<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
            <\/div>\n\n\n\n
            <\/div>\n\n\n\n

            <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Vady v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce je \u010dasto t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 odhalit. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se dozv\u00edte, jak\u00e9 jsou jejich r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy a jak se jim ve sv\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu vyhnout.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":25830,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMethodological flaws in research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A research paper's flaws are often hard to detect. 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She is currently pursuing a master's degree in Bioentrepreneurship from Karolinska Institute. She is interested in health and diseases, global health, socioeconomic development, and women's health. As a science enthusiast, she is keen in learning more about the scientific world and wants to play a part in making a difference.","sameAs":["http:\/\/linkedin.com\/in\/aayushizaveri"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/author\/aayuyshi\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25828"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25828"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25839,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25828\/revisions\/25839"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25830"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}