{"id":25244,"date":"2022-11-01T12:51:29","date_gmt":"2022-11-01T15:51:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/polio-symptoms-copy\/"},"modified":"2022-11-08T17:08:48","modified_gmt":"2022-11-08T20:08:48","slug":"geographical-bias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/zemepisne-predsudky\/","title":{"rendered":"Dopad geografick\u00fdch p\u0159edsudk\u016f na v\u00fdzkum a studie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f pr\u00e1ce v\u011bdce nebo akademick\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka je myslet nad r\u00e1mec b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed. P\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu nebo anal\u00fdze studie je nutn\u00e9 se postavit do pozice, kdy mus\u00edte p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let a vyhodnocovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fahly pohledu, hypot\u00e9zy a mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd jednotlivec, pohlav\u00ed nebo zem\u011bpisn\u00e1 poloha nem\u016f\u017ee mluvit nebo myslet za v\u0161echny. V\u011bdec nebo akademik se mus\u00ed sna\u017eit zpochybnit genderov\u00e9 a geografick\u00e9 p\u0159edsudky a vn\u00e9st do oboru r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fahly pohledu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mind The Graph se ji\u017e zab\u00fdval <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/gender-bias-in-research\/\">dopady genderov\u00e9 p\u0159edpojatosti<\/a>a nyn\u00ed se dozv\u00edte v\u00edce o <strong>zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed<\/strong> v tomto d\u00edle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Co je geografick\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed ve v\u00fdzkumu?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Geografick\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed<\/strong> je neobjektivn\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm jsou v\u011bdeck\u00e1 hodnocen\u00ed zkreslov\u00e1na v z\u00e1vislosti nap\u0159\u00edklad na zem\u011bpisn\u00e9m p\u016fvodu nab\u00edzen\u00e9ho d\u00edla, a nikoli na jeho skute\u010dn\u00e9 kvalit\u011b nebo u\u017eite\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ekonomicky rozvinut\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi jsou v\u011bdeck\u00e9 v\u00fdstupy z m\u00e9n\u011b rozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00ed zna\u010dn\u011b nedocen\u011bn\u00e9 a nevyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u010dkoli to lze p\u0159i\u010d\u00edst v\u011bdeck\u00fdm schopnostem, produktivit\u011b v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdsledk\u016fm studi\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00fdzkumu ze zem\u00ed s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b a nespr\u00e1vn\u011b odm\u00edt\u00e1na v d\u016fsledku <strong>zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed<\/strong> v\u016f\u010di zemi, ze kter\u00e9 studie poch\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mnoho v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f z m\u00e9n\u011b rozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159ilo obavy, \u017ee jejich pr\u00e1ce a studie budou odm\u00edtnuty z d\u016fvodu geografick\u00e9 p\u0159edpojatosti jen proto, \u017ee \u017eij\u00ed v zemi, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed akademick\u00e9 obci dob\u0159e zn\u00e1ma.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Jak m\u016f\u017ee geografick\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed ovlivnit akademickou sf\u00e9ru a v\u00fdzkum?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Geografick\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt na v\u00fdzkum n\u011bkolik dopad\u016f: jedn\u00edm z nich je, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed studie nejsou zn\u00e1my nebo vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny pouze kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 zemi; nav\u00edc m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt studie pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nedostate\u010dn\u011b dobrou kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 zemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle jedn\u00e9 studie \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci d\u00e1vali p\u0159ednost biologick\u00fdm iniciativ\u00e1m ze Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f p\u0159ed t\u011bmi z \u010c\u00edny, a proto byli ochotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed poskytnout finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky Ameri\u010dan\u016fm.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ajronline.org\/doi\/10.2214\/ajr.183.6.01831545\">studium<\/a> proveden\u00e9 v roce 2004, \u010dasopisy p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed v\u00edce rukopis\u016f z rozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00ed, jako je Severn\u00ed Amerika a Evropa, zat\u00edmco v Asii bylo v\u00edce rukopis\u016f z rozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00ed, jako je Severn\u00ed Amerika a Evropa. <strong>-89.4%<\/strong> m\u00edra p\u0159ijet\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se Severn\u00ed Amerikou a <strong>-80.5%<\/strong> ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s Evropou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na ocen\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 geografick\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed, proto\u017ee v\u00fdzkumy z m\u00e1lo rozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00ed maj\u00ed tendenci z\u00edsk\u00e1vat m\u00e9n\u011b ocen\u011bn\u00ed nebo nez\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 ocen\u011bn\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se studiemi z rozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed vzorce v akademick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f je zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st sv\u011btov\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f ignorov\u00e1na. V akademick\u00e9 obci se projevuje tendence up\u0159ednost\u0148ovat severn\u00ed zem\u011b, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznik\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi Severem a Jihem.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b p\u0159edchoz\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f existuje tak\u00e9 zna\u010dn\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi citacemi oblast\u00ed severu a jihu. Kdy\u017e se po\u010d\u00edtalo procento akademick\u00fdch citac\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep00902\">studium<\/a> proveden\u00fdch v roce 2012, p\u0159edstavovaly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a Evropa v\u00edce ne\u017e. <strong>70% <\/strong>z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu. Zat\u00edmco Afrika, Ji\u017en\u00ed Amerika a Oce\u00e1nie obdr\u017eely m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 10 %. <strong>5%<\/strong> v\u0161ech akademick\u00fdch citac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Geografick\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed proti p\u0159edsudk\u016fm<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed se s p\u0159edpojatost\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 a komplikovan\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed geografick\u00e9 p\u0159edpojatosti<strong> <\/strong>existuje, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Hled\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak ji zastavit, je zat\u00edm ve v\u00fdvoji a zat\u00edm jedin\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm prost\u0159edkem bylo zaslepen\u00ed recenzent\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Zaslepen\u00ed recenzent\u016f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek je p\u0159ed\u00e1n do recenzn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bez uveden\u00ed toto\u017enosti autora nebo jin\u00fdch osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f pot\u00e9, co jej redaktor \u010dasopisu nebo jednotlivec z v\u00fdboru analyzuje, zda spl\u0148uje po\u017eadavky, a provede test plagi\u00e1torstv\u00ed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po dokon\u010den\u00ed recenzn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ji mus\u00ed vr\u00e1tit redaktorovi nebo jednotlivci s p\u0159ipom\u00ednkami nebo doporu\u010den\u00edmi a s rozhodnut\u00edm o jej\u00edm p\u0159ijet\u00ed, men\u0161\u00edch \u010di v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch nebo o \u00fapln\u00e9m zam\u00edtnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Velk\u00fd dopad a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed viditelnost va\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Chcete-li, aby va\u0161e pr\u00e1ce vynikla, pou\u017eijte n\u00e1stroj Mind The Graph k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed grafick\u00fdch abstrakt\u016f, infografik nebo ilustrac\u00ed. Zaujm\u011bte pozornost publika a ud\u011blejte svou pr\u00e1ci srozumiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v jednoduch\u00fdch kroc\u00edch pomoc\u00ed \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch \u0161ablon.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/science-and-technology\/2016\/06\/16\/graphic-details\">Grafick\u00e9 detaily: v\u00fdznam diagram\u016f ve v\u011bd\u011b<\/a>,\" pou\u017eit\u00ed infografiky jako vizu\u00e1ln\u00edho prvku v publikaci zvy\u0161uje citovanost o 120%. Prozkoumejte n\u011bkter\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/app\/success-cases\">\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady<\/a> of Mind The Graph zlep\u0161uje pr\u00e1ci ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9 komunit\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Jak na to | Vytvo\u0159te infografiku na Mind the Graph\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LVa6U5kt7KI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/\" style=\"border-radius:50px;background-color:#dc1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vytv\u00e1\u0159ejte efektivn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 postavy b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika minut<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se dozv\u00edte v\u00edce o geografick\u00e9m zkreslen\u00ed a o tom, jak ovliv\u0148uje studie a v\u00fdzkum v nerozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00edch.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":25261,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The impact of Geographical Bias on research and studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this article, you will discover more about geographical bias and how it impacts studies and research for undeveloped countries.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/zemepisne-predsudky\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The impact of Geographical Bias on research and studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In this article, you will discover more about geographical bias and how it impacts studies and research for undeveloped countries.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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