Term\u00edn anatomick\u00e1 poloha ozna\u010duje zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm je t\u011blo organismu orientov\u00e1no, um\u00edst\u011bno, pohybov\u00e1no a usm\u011br\u0148ov\u00e1no. \u010clov\u011bk stoj\u00edc\u00ed vzp\u0159\u00edmen\u011b, s dlan\u011bmi sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edmi dop\u0159edu, s palci sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edmi od t\u011bla, s rukama sv\u011b\u0161en\u00fdma pod\u00e9l t\u011bla, dodr\u017euje tento univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed standard anatomicky vzp\u0159\u00edmen\u00e9ho dr\u017een\u00ed t\u011bla. Postaven\u00ed nohou je m\u00edrn\u011b rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00e9, prsty sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed dop\u0159edu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anatomick\u00e9 polohy nemaj\u00ed doslovn\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Jsou to jen odkazy na zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm je t\u011blo um\u00edst\u011bno. Stejn\u011b jako ostatn\u00ed anatomick\u00e9 term\u00edny, nap\u0159\u00edklad roviny t\u011bla, sm\u011bry a vztahy, je t\u0159eba i toto slovo vn\u00edmat v kontextu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anatomick\u00e1 poloha m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro pochopen\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 anatomie a fyziologie, proto\u017ee poskytuje p\u0159esn\u00fd a jednotn\u00fd zp\u016fsob popisu t\u011bchto t\u011blesn\u00fdch struktur. Jednotliv\u00e9 anatomick\u00e9 polohy jsou pops\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch anatomick\u00fdch term\u00edn\u016f popisuj\u00edc\u00edch jejich relativn\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di standardizovan\u00fdm poloh\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nap\u0159\u00edklad zadn\u00ed nebo h\u0159betn\u00ed se vztahuje k va\u0161im z\u00e1d\u016fm a proxim\u00e1ln\u00ed a dist\u00e1ln\u00ed se vztahuje ke vzd\u00e1lenosti mezi v\u00e1mi a n\u011b\u010d\u00edm. Kdykoli se anatomick\u00e9 term\u00edny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed standardn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se srozumiteln\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u017dargon anatomick\u00fdch poloh: co to znamen\u00e1<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nPro popis anatomick\u00fdch poloh se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch term\u00edn\u016f. Pokud jim nerozum\u00edte, mohou b\u00fdt matouc\u00ed. Nejprve se pod\u00edvejme na terminologii a pot\u00e9 popi\u0161me hlavn\u00ed typy anatomick\u00fdch poloh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oblasti t\u011bla<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nLidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u011bt oblast\u00ed: hlava, krk, trup, horn\u00ed kon\u010detiny a doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lebka a obli\u010dej jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed oblasti hlavy. Hrudn\u00edk, b\u0159icho a p\u00e1nev tvo\u0159\u00ed trup neboli trup. Ramena, podpa\u017e\u00ed a pa\u017ee jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za horn\u00ed kon\u010detiny. Doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny tvo\u0159\u00ed nohy, h\u00fd\u017ed\u011b, stehna, kolena, kotn\u00edky a chodidla. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed usnad\u0148uje identifikaci a kategorizaci konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anatomick\u00e9 roviny<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nT\u011bmito pomysln\u00fdmi rovinami, kter\u00e9 prot\u00ednaj\u00ed t\u011blo, jsou pro\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1ny nebo \u0159ez\u00e1ny r\u016fzn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny a t\u011blesn\u00e9 struktury. T\u011blesn\u00e9 roviny se d\u011bl\u00ed do t\u0159\u00ed kategori\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Sagit\u00e1ln\u00ed rovina prot\u00edn\u00e1 t\u011blo pod\u00e9ln\u011b pod\u00e9l jeho st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ry. Je rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00e1 se st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010darou a pod\u00e9ln\u011b ji roz\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1 na levou a pravou polovinu. <\/p>\n\n\n
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/anatomical-position-1-blog.png\")
Ilustrace je k dispozici na Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n2. P\u0159edn\u00ed a zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bla je rozd\u011blena svislou lini\u00ed zn\u00e1mou jako koron\u00e1ln\u00ed rovina.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/anatomical-position-2-blog.png\")
Ilustrace je k dispozici na Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n3. V p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 rovin\u011b je t\u011blo rozd\u011bleno na horn\u00ed (horn\u00ed) a doln\u00ed (doln\u00ed) lalok v prav\u00e9m \u00fahlu k sagit\u00e1ln\u00ed a front\u00e1ln\u00ed rovin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/anatomical-position-3-blog.png\")
Ilustrace je k dispozici na Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nSm\u011brov\u00e9 term\u00edny<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nTato p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na popisuj\u00ed relativn\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed dvou struktur v anatomick\u00e9m prostoru. Mezi sm\u011brov\u00e9 term\u00edny pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- P\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st: <\/strong>\u010celn\u00ed pohled na t\u011blo (zep\u0159edu nebo v jeho bl\u00edzkosti)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st:<\/strong> Zadn\u00ed strana t\u011bla (pohled zezadu)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- St\u0159edn\u00ed linie:<\/strong> Pomysln\u00e1 svisl\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozd\u011bluj\u00edc\u00ed t\u011bleso (v jeho st\u0159edu).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Bo\u010dn\u00ed: <\/strong>Sm\u011brem od st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ry (bo\u010dn\u00ed pohled)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Medi\u00e1ln\u00ed: <\/strong>Bl\u00ed\u017ee ke st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1\u0159e (pohled z boku)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Superior: <\/strong>Pohled na stavbu z v\u00fd\u0161ky (pohled z pta\u010d\u00ed perspektivy)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Pod\u0159adn\u00e9: <\/strong>Pohled nahoru ze spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti konstrukce (sm\u011brem od hlavy\/spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Povrchn\u00ed: <\/strong>Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v bl\u00edzkosti povrchu t\u011bla<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Hlubok\u00e9: <\/strong>Daleko od povrchu t\u011bla<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Proxim\u00e1ln\u00ed: <\/strong>Bl\u00ed\u017ee k p\u016fvodu struktury<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Dist\u00e1ln\u00ed: <\/strong>D\u00e1le od m\u00edsta p\u016fvodu<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Krani\u00e1ln\u00ed: <\/strong>Sm\u011brem k<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Kaud\u00e1ln\u00ed: <\/strong>Sm\u011brem k ocasu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Dutiny<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nT\u011blo je vypln\u011bno otev\u0159en\u00fdmi prostory napln\u011bn\u00fdmi tekutinou, kter\u00e9 se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed dutiny a kter\u00e9 uzav\u00edraj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy anatomick\u00fdch struktur. Ty se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v axi\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00edstech, v\u010detn\u011b lebky, p\u00e1te\u0159e, hrudn\u00edku a b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutiny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dutiny rozd\u011bluj\u00ed t\u011blo, chr\u00e1n\u00ed org\u00e1ny a promaz\u00e1vaj\u00ed je, \u010d\u00edm\u017e sni\u017euj\u00ed t\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i pohybu org\u00e1n\u016f. V t\u011ble jsou dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed dutiny: dutina b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed a dutina h\u0159betn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Ventr\u00e1ln\u00ed dutina<\/a> je velk\u00e1 dutina rozd\u011blen\u00e1 kopulovit\u00fdm d\u00fdchac\u00edm svalem zvan\u00fdm br\u00e1nice na dutinu hrudn\u00ed a dutinu b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed. Srdce, pl\u00edce, pr\u016fdu\u0161nice, j\u00edcen, velk\u00e9 c\u00e9vy a nervy se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutiny neboli v dutin\u011b hrudn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\nDoln\u00ed dutina b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed (abdominopelvick\u00e1) zahrnuje b\u0159icho a p\u00e1nev. V dutin\u011b b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ledviny, nadledviny a v\u011bt\u0161ina tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu. V p\u00e1nevn\u00ed dutin\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed urogenit\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a kone\u010dn\u00edku. P\u00e1nevn\u00ed dutina m\u00e1 t\u0159i hranice: b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutinu, k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovou kost a p\u00e1nev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch h\u0159betn\u00ed dutina<\/a> je men\u0161\u00ed ze dvou hlavn\u00edch dutin. Je pojmenov\u00e1na podle sv\u00e9ho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v t\u011ble a obsahuje org\u00e1ny, kter\u00e9 jsou um\u00edst\u011bny v\u00edce vzadu. H\u0159betn\u00ed dutina m\u00e1 dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti. V doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, neboli v p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00edch kan\u00e1lech, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed m\u00edcha a v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, neboli v lebe\u010dn\u00ed dutin\u011b, mozek.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAnatomick\u00e9 polohy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nZ anatomick\u00e9ho hlediska existuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i hlavn\u00ed polohy: vle\u017ee na z\u00e1dech, vle\u017ee na z\u00e1dech, vpravo vle\u017ee na boku a vlevo vle\u017ee na boku. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 poloha m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 d\u016fsledky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch poloha na z\u00e1dech<\/strong> vy\u017eaduje oto\u010den\u00ed obli\u010deje a horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla nahoru do vodorovn\u00e9 polohy. B\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed strana t\u011bla je v poloze na z\u00e1dech naho\u0159e, zat\u00edmco h\u0159betn\u00ed strana je dole.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\n- Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch poloha vle\u017ee na z\u00e1dech<\/strong> spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v lehu na z\u00e1dech s hlavou a horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed dol\u016f. H\u0159betn\u00ed strana t\u011bla je v poloze na z\u00e1dech naho\u0159e a b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st je dole.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\n- Prav\u00fd bo\u010dn\u00ed leh <\/strong>ozna\u010duje le\u017een\u00ed na prav\u00e9m boku. Z t\u00e9to polohy je l\u00e9pe p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd lev\u00fd bok pacienta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\n- V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pravou bo\u010dn\u00ed polohou vle\u017ee je llev\u00e1 bo\u010dn\u00ed poloha vle\u017ee <\/strong>je opa\u010dn\u00fd. Jedinec v t\u00e9to poloze le\u017e\u00ed na lev\u00e9m boku. P\u0159\u00edstup na prav\u00fd bok je z t\u00e9to polohy snaz\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Sd\u011blte sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky a poznatky bez n\u00e1mahy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u016fsobiv\u00fdch vizualizac\u00ed.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nPokud jsou anatomick\u00e9 polohy dob\u0159e zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny, je jejich pochopen\u00ed mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed. Pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fsobiv\u00fdch vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f m\u016f\u017ee usnadnit pochopen\u00ed i t\u011bch nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch nebo nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f. P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si n\u00e1\u0161 blog \"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 ilustrace: Kl\u00ed\u010d ke sv\u011btu vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdy<\/a>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\nS Mind the Graph<\/a> m\u016f\u017eete ilustrovat jak\u00fdkoli v\u00fdzkum a tak\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it svou pr\u00e1ci mezi \u0161irok\u00e9 publikum. V na\u0161\u00ed knihovn\u011b najdete rozs\u00e1hlou sb\u00edrku ilustrac\u00ed, ze kter\u00e9 si m\u016f\u017eete vybrat pro sv\u00e9 projekty. Krom\u011b toho si je m\u016f\u017eete od na\u0161eho t\u00fdmu odborn\u00edk\u016f tak\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsobit sv\u00fdm specifick\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. Nav\u0161tivte na\u0161i webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky<\/a> se dozv\u00edte v\u00edce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u011bt oblast\u00ed: hlava, krk, trup, horn\u00ed kon\u010detiny a doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lebka a obli\u010dej jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed oblasti hlavy. Hrudn\u00edk, b\u0159icho a p\u00e1nev tvo\u0159\u00ed trup neboli trup. Ramena, podpa\u017e\u00ed a pa\u017ee jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za horn\u00ed kon\u010detiny. Doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny tvo\u0159\u00ed nohy, h\u00fd\u017ed\u011b, stehna, kolena, kotn\u00edky a chodidla. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed usnad\u0148uje identifikaci a kategorizaci konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anatomick\u00e9 roviny<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nT\u011bmito pomysln\u00fdmi rovinami, kter\u00e9 prot\u00ednaj\u00ed t\u011blo, jsou pro\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1ny nebo \u0159ez\u00e1ny r\u016fzn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny a t\u011blesn\u00e9 struktury. T\u011blesn\u00e9 roviny se d\u011bl\u00ed do t\u0159\u00ed kategori\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Sagit\u00e1ln\u00ed rovina prot\u00edn\u00e1 t\u011blo pod\u00e9ln\u011b pod\u00e9l jeho st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ry. Je rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00e1 se st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010darou a pod\u00e9ln\u011b ji roz\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1 na levou a pravou polovinu. <\/p>\n\n\n
\nIlustrace je k dispozici na Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n2. P\u0159edn\u00ed a zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bla je rozd\u011blena svislou lini\u00ed zn\u00e1mou jako koron\u00e1ln\u00ed rovina.<\/p>\n\n\n
\nIlustrace je k dispozici na Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n3. V p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 rovin\u011b je t\u011blo rozd\u011bleno na horn\u00ed (horn\u00ed) a doln\u00ed (doln\u00ed) lalok v prav\u00e9m \u00fahlu k sagit\u00e1ln\u00ed a front\u00e1ln\u00ed rovin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n
\nIlustrace je k dispozici na Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nSm\u011brov\u00e9 term\u00edny<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nTato p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na popisuj\u00ed relativn\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed dvou struktur v anatomick\u00e9m prostoru. Mezi sm\u011brov\u00e9 term\u00edny pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- P\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st: <\/strong>\u010celn\u00ed pohled na t\u011blo (zep\u0159edu nebo v jeho bl\u00edzkosti)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st:<\/strong> Zadn\u00ed strana t\u011bla (pohled zezadu)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- St\u0159edn\u00ed linie:<\/strong> Pomysln\u00e1 svisl\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozd\u011bluj\u00edc\u00ed t\u011bleso (v jeho st\u0159edu).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Bo\u010dn\u00ed: <\/strong>Sm\u011brem od st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ry (bo\u010dn\u00ed pohled)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Medi\u00e1ln\u00ed: <\/strong>Bl\u00ed\u017ee ke st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1\u0159e (pohled z boku)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Superior: <\/strong>Pohled na stavbu z v\u00fd\u0161ky (pohled z pta\u010d\u00ed perspektivy)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Pod\u0159adn\u00e9: <\/strong>Pohled nahoru ze spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti konstrukce (sm\u011brem od hlavy\/spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Povrchn\u00ed: <\/strong>Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v bl\u00edzkosti povrchu t\u011bla<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Hlubok\u00e9: <\/strong>Daleko od povrchu t\u011bla<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Proxim\u00e1ln\u00ed: <\/strong>Bl\u00ed\u017ee k p\u016fvodu struktury<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Dist\u00e1ln\u00ed: <\/strong>D\u00e1le od m\u00edsta p\u016fvodu<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Krani\u00e1ln\u00ed: <\/strong>Sm\u011brem k<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Kaud\u00e1ln\u00ed: <\/strong>Sm\u011brem k ocasu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Dutiny<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nT\u011blo je vypln\u011bno otev\u0159en\u00fdmi prostory napln\u011bn\u00fdmi tekutinou, kter\u00e9 se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed dutiny a kter\u00e9 uzav\u00edraj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy anatomick\u00fdch struktur. Ty se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v axi\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00edstech, v\u010detn\u011b lebky, p\u00e1te\u0159e, hrudn\u00edku a b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutiny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dutiny rozd\u011bluj\u00ed t\u011blo, chr\u00e1n\u00ed org\u00e1ny a promaz\u00e1vaj\u00ed je, \u010d\u00edm\u017e sni\u017euj\u00ed t\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i pohybu org\u00e1n\u016f. V t\u011ble jsou dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed dutiny: dutina b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed a dutina h\u0159betn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Ventr\u00e1ln\u00ed dutina<\/a> je velk\u00e1 dutina rozd\u011blen\u00e1 kopulovit\u00fdm d\u00fdchac\u00edm svalem zvan\u00fdm br\u00e1nice na dutinu hrudn\u00ed a dutinu b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed. Srdce, pl\u00edce, pr\u016fdu\u0161nice, j\u00edcen, velk\u00e9 c\u00e9vy a nervy se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutiny neboli v dutin\u011b hrudn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\nDoln\u00ed dutina b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed (abdominopelvick\u00e1) zahrnuje b\u0159icho a p\u00e1nev. V dutin\u011b b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ledviny, nadledviny a v\u011bt\u0161ina tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu. V p\u00e1nevn\u00ed dutin\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed urogenit\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a kone\u010dn\u00edku. P\u00e1nevn\u00ed dutina m\u00e1 t\u0159i hranice: b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutinu, k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovou kost a p\u00e1nev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch h\u0159betn\u00ed dutina<\/a> je men\u0161\u00ed ze dvou hlavn\u00edch dutin. Je pojmenov\u00e1na podle sv\u00e9ho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v t\u011ble a obsahuje org\u00e1ny, kter\u00e9 jsou um\u00edst\u011bny v\u00edce vzadu. H\u0159betn\u00ed dutina m\u00e1 dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti. V doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, neboli v p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00edch kan\u00e1lech, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed m\u00edcha a v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, neboli v lebe\u010dn\u00ed dutin\u011b, mozek.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAnatomick\u00e9 polohy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nZ anatomick\u00e9ho hlediska existuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i hlavn\u00ed polohy: vle\u017ee na z\u00e1dech, vle\u017ee na z\u00e1dech, vpravo vle\u017ee na boku a vlevo vle\u017ee na boku. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 poloha m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 d\u016fsledky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch poloha na z\u00e1dech<\/strong> vy\u017eaduje oto\u010den\u00ed obli\u010deje a horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla nahoru do vodorovn\u00e9 polohy. B\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed strana t\u011bla je v poloze na z\u00e1dech naho\u0159e, zat\u00edmco h\u0159betn\u00ed strana je dole.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\n- Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch poloha vle\u017ee na z\u00e1dech<\/strong> spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v lehu na z\u00e1dech s hlavou a horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed dol\u016f. H\u0159betn\u00ed strana t\u011bla je v poloze na z\u00e1dech naho\u0159e a b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st je dole.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\n- Prav\u00fd bo\u010dn\u00ed leh <\/strong>ozna\u010duje le\u017een\u00ed na prav\u00e9m boku. Z t\u00e9to polohy je l\u00e9pe p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd lev\u00fd bok pacienta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\n- V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pravou bo\u010dn\u00ed polohou vle\u017ee je llev\u00e1 bo\u010dn\u00ed poloha vle\u017ee <\/strong>je opa\u010dn\u00fd. Jedinec v t\u00e9to poloze le\u017e\u00ed na lev\u00e9m boku. P\u0159\u00edstup na prav\u00fd bok je z t\u00e9to polohy snaz\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Sd\u011blte sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky a poznatky bez n\u00e1mahy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u016fsobiv\u00fdch vizualizac\u00ed.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nPokud jsou anatomick\u00e9 polohy dob\u0159e zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny, je jejich pochopen\u00ed mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed. Pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fsobiv\u00fdch vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f m\u016f\u017ee usnadnit pochopen\u00ed i t\u011bch nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch nebo nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f. P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si n\u00e1\u0161 blog \"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 ilustrace: Kl\u00ed\u010d ke sv\u011btu vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdy<\/a>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\nS Mind the Graph<\/a> m\u016f\u017eete ilustrovat jak\u00fdkoli v\u00fdzkum a tak\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it svou pr\u00e1ci mezi \u0161irok\u00e9 publikum. V na\u0161\u00ed knihovn\u011b najdete rozs\u00e1hlou sb\u00edrku ilustrac\u00ed, ze kter\u00e9 si m\u016f\u017eete vybrat pro sv\u00e9 projekty. Krom\u011b toho si je m\u016f\u017eete od na\u0161eho t\u00fdmu odborn\u00edk\u016f tak\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsobit sv\u00fdm specifick\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. Nav\u0161tivte na\u0161i webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky<\/a> se dozv\u00edte v\u00edce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. P\u0159edn\u00ed a zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bla je rozd\u011blena svislou lini\u00ed zn\u00e1mou jako koron\u00e1ln\u00ed rovina.<\/p>\n\n\n
3. V p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 rovin\u011b je t\u011blo rozd\u011bleno na horn\u00ed (horn\u00ed) a doln\u00ed (doln\u00ed) lalok v prav\u00e9m \u00fahlu k sagit\u00e1ln\u00ed a front\u00e1ln\u00ed rovin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n
Sm\u011brov\u00e9 term\u00edny<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nTato p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na popisuj\u00ed relativn\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed dvou struktur v anatomick\u00e9m prostoru. Mezi sm\u011brov\u00e9 term\u00edny pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- P\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st: <\/strong>\u010celn\u00ed pohled na t\u011blo (zep\u0159edu nebo v jeho bl\u00edzkosti)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st:<\/strong> Zadn\u00ed strana t\u011bla (pohled zezadu)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- St\u0159edn\u00ed linie:<\/strong> Pomysln\u00e1 svisl\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozd\u011bluj\u00edc\u00ed t\u011bleso (v jeho st\u0159edu).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Bo\u010dn\u00ed: <\/strong>Sm\u011brem od st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ry (bo\u010dn\u00ed pohled)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Medi\u00e1ln\u00ed: <\/strong>Bl\u00ed\u017ee ke st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1\u0159e (pohled z boku)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Superior: <\/strong>Pohled na stavbu z v\u00fd\u0161ky (pohled z pta\u010d\u00ed perspektivy)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Pod\u0159adn\u00e9: <\/strong>Pohled nahoru ze spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti konstrukce (sm\u011brem od hlavy\/spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Povrchn\u00ed: <\/strong>Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v bl\u00edzkosti povrchu t\u011bla<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Hlubok\u00e9: <\/strong>Daleko od povrchu t\u011bla<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Proxim\u00e1ln\u00ed: <\/strong>Bl\u00ed\u017ee k p\u016fvodu struktury<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Dist\u00e1ln\u00ed: <\/strong>D\u00e1le od m\u00edsta p\u016fvodu<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Krani\u00e1ln\u00ed: <\/strong>Sm\u011brem k<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Kaud\u00e1ln\u00ed: <\/strong>Sm\u011brem k ocasu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Dutiny<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nT\u011blo je vypln\u011bno otev\u0159en\u00fdmi prostory napln\u011bn\u00fdmi tekutinou, kter\u00e9 se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed dutiny a kter\u00e9 uzav\u00edraj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy anatomick\u00fdch struktur. Ty se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v axi\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00edstech, v\u010detn\u011b lebky, p\u00e1te\u0159e, hrudn\u00edku a b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutiny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dutiny rozd\u011bluj\u00ed t\u011blo, chr\u00e1n\u00ed org\u00e1ny a promaz\u00e1vaj\u00ed je, \u010d\u00edm\u017e sni\u017euj\u00ed t\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i pohybu org\u00e1n\u016f. V t\u011ble jsou dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed dutiny: dutina b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed a dutina h\u0159betn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Ventr\u00e1ln\u00ed dutina<\/a> je velk\u00e1 dutina rozd\u011blen\u00e1 kopulovit\u00fdm d\u00fdchac\u00edm svalem zvan\u00fdm br\u00e1nice na dutinu hrudn\u00ed a dutinu b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed. Srdce, pl\u00edce, pr\u016fdu\u0161nice, j\u00edcen, velk\u00e9 c\u00e9vy a nervy se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutiny neboli v dutin\u011b hrudn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\nDoln\u00ed dutina b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed (abdominopelvick\u00e1) zahrnuje b\u0159icho a p\u00e1nev. V dutin\u011b b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ledviny, nadledviny a v\u011bt\u0161ina tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu. V p\u00e1nevn\u00ed dutin\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed urogenit\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a kone\u010dn\u00edku. P\u00e1nevn\u00ed dutina m\u00e1 t\u0159i hranice: b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutinu, k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovou kost a p\u00e1nev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch h\u0159betn\u00ed dutina<\/a> je men\u0161\u00ed ze dvou hlavn\u00edch dutin. Je pojmenov\u00e1na podle sv\u00e9ho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v t\u011ble a obsahuje org\u00e1ny, kter\u00e9 jsou um\u00edst\u011bny v\u00edce vzadu. H\u0159betn\u00ed dutina m\u00e1 dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti. V doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, neboli v p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00edch kan\u00e1lech, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed m\u00edcha a v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, neboli v lebe\u010dn\u00ed dutin\u011b, mozek.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAnatomick\u00e9 polohy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nZ anatomick\u00e9ho hlediska existuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i hlavn\u00ed polohy: vle\u017ee na z\u00e1dech, vle\u017ee na z\u00e1dech, vpravo vle\u017ee na boku a vlevo vle\u017ee na boku. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 poloha m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 d\u016fsledky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch poloha na z\u00e1dech<\/strong> vy\u017eaduje oto\u010den\u00ed obli\u010deje a horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla nahoru do vodorovn\u00e9 polohy. B\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed strana t\u011bla je v poloze na z\u00e1dech naho\u0159e, zat\u00edmco h\u0159betn\u00ed strana je dole.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\n- Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch poloha vle\u017ee na z\u00e1dech<\/strong> spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v lehu na z\u00e1dech s hlavou a horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed dol\u016f. H\u0159betn\u00ed strana t\u011bla je v poloze na z\u00e1dech naho\u0159e a b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st je dole.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\n- Prav\u00fd bo\u010dn\u00ed leh <\/strong>ozna\u010duje le\u017een\u00ed na prav\u00e9m boku. Z t\u00e9to polohy je l\u00e9pe p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd lev\u00fd bok pacienta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\n- V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pravou bo\u010dn\u00ed polohou vle\u017ee je llev\u00e1 bo\u010dn\u00ed poloha vle\u017ee <\/strong>je opa\u010dn\u00fd. Jedinec v t\u00e9to poloze le\u017e\u00ed na lev\u00e9m boku. P\u0159\u00edstup na prav\u00fd bok je z t\u00e9to polohy snaz\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Sd\u011blte sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky a poznatky bez n\u00e1mahy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u016fsobiv\u00fdch vizualizac\u00ed.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nPokud jsou anatomick\u00e9 polohy dob\u0159e zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny, je jejich pochopen\u00ed mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed. Pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fsobiv\u00fdch vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f m\u016f\u017ee usnadnit pochopen\u00ed i t\u011bch nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch nebo nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f. P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si n\u00e1\u0161 blog \"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 ilustrace: Kl\u00ed\u010d ke sv\u011btu vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdy<\/a>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\nS Mind the Graph<\/a> m\u016f\u017eete ilustrovat jak\u00fdkoli v\u00fdzkum a tak\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it svou pr\u00e1ci mezi \u0161irok\u00e9 publikum. V na\u0161\u00ed knihovn\u011b najdete rozs\u00e1hlou sb\u00edrku ilustrac\u00ed, ze kter\u00e9 si m\u016f\u017eete vybrat pro sv\u00e9 projekty. Krom\u011b toho si je m\u016f\u017eete od na\u0161eho t\u00fdmu odborn\u00edk\u016f tak\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsobit sv\u00fdm specifick\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. Nav\u0161tivte na\u0161i webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky<\/a> se dozv\u00edte v\u00edce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dutiny<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nT\u011blo je vypln\u011bno otev\u0159en\u00fdmi prostory napln\u011bn\u00fdmi tekutinou, kter\u00e9 se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed dutiny a kter\u00e9 uzav\u00edraj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy anatomick\u00fdch struktur. Ty se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v axi\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00edstech, v\u010detn\u011b lebky, p\u00e1te\u0159e, hrudn\u00edku a b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutiny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dutiny rozd\u011bluj\u00ed t\u011blo, chr\u00e1n\u00ed org\u00e1ny a promaz\u00e1vaj\u00ed je, \u010d\u00edm\u017e sni\u017euj\u00ed t\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i pohybu org\u00e1n\u016f. V t\u011ble jsou dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed dutiny: dutina b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed a dutina h\u0159betn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Ventr\u00e1ln\u00ed dutina<\/a> je velk\u00e1 dutina rozd\u011blen\u00e1 kopulovit\u00fdm d\u00fdchac\u00edm svalem zvan\u00fdm br\u00e1nice na dutinu hrudn\u00ed a dutinu b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed. Srdce, pl\u00edce, pr\u016fdu\u0161nice, j\u00edcen, velk\u00e9 c\u00e9vy a nervy se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutiny neboli v dutin\u011b hrudn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\nDoln\u00ed dutina b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed (abdominopelvick\u00e1) zahrnuje b\u0159icho a p\u00e1nev. V dutin\u011b b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ledviny, nadledviny a v\u011bt\u0161ina tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu. V p\u00e1nevn\u00ed dutin\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed urogenit\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a kone\u010dn\u00edku. P\u00e1nevn\u00ed dutina m\u00e1 t\u0159i hranice: b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutinu, k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovou kost a p\u00e1nev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch h\u0159betn\u00ed dutina<\/a> je men\u0161\u00ed ze dvou hlavn\u00edch dutin. Je pojmenov\u00e1na podle sv\u00e9ho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v t\u011ble a obsahuje org\u00e1ny, kter\u00e9 jsou um\u00edst\u011bny v\u00edce vzadu. H\u0159betn\u00ed dutina m\u00e1 dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti. V doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, neboli v p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00edch kan\u00e1lech, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed m\u00edcha a v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, neboli v lebe\u010dn\u00ed dutin\u011b, mozek.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAnatomick\u00e9 polohy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nZ anatomick\u00e9ho hlediska existuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i hlavn\u00ed polohy: vle\u017ee na z\u00e1dech, vle\u017ee na z\u00e1dech, vpravo vle\u017ee na boku a vlevo vle\u017ee na boku. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 poloha m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 d\u016fsledky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch poloha na z\u00e1dech<\/strong> vy\u017eaduje oto\u010den\u00ed obli\u010deje a horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla nahoru do vodorovn\u00e9 polohy. B\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed strana t\u011bla je v poloze na z\u00e1dech naho\u0159e, zat\u00edmco h\u0159betn\u00ed strana je dole.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\n- Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch poloha vle\u017ee na z\u00e1dech<\/strong> spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v lehu na z\u00e1dech s hlavou a horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed dol\u016f. H\u0159betn\u00ed strana t\u011bla je v poloze na z\u00e1dech naho\u0159e a b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st je dole.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\n- Prav\u00fd bo\u010dn\u00ed leh <\/strong>ozna\u010duje le\u017een\u00ed na prav\u00e9m boku. Z t\u00e9to polohy je l\u00e9pe p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd lev\u00fd bok pacienta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\n- V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pravou bo\u010dn\u00ed polohou vle\u017ee je llev\u00e1 bo\u010dn\u00ed poloha vle\u017ee <\/strong>je opa\u010dn\u00fd. Jedinec v t\u00e9to poloze le\u017e\u00ed na lev\u00e9m boku. P\u0159\u00edstup na prav\u00fd bok je z t\u00e9to polohy snaz\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Sd\u011blte sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky a poznatky bez n\u00e1mahy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u016fsobiv\u00fdch vizualizac\u00ed.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nPokud jsou anatomick\u00e9 polohy dob\u0159e zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny, je jejich pochopen\u00ed mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed. Pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fsobiv\u00fdch vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f m\u016f\u017ee usnadnit pochopen\u00ed i t\u011bch nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch nebo nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f. P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si n\u00e1\u0161 blog \"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 ilustrace: Kl\u00ed\u010d ke sv\u011btu vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdy<\/a>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\nS Mind the Graph<\/a> m\u016f\u017eete ilustrovat jak\u00fdkoli v\u00fdzkum a tak\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it svou pr\u00e1ci mezi \u0161irok\u00e9 publikum. V na\u0161\u00ed knihovn\u011b najdete rozs\u00e1hlou sb\u00edrku ilustrac\u00ed, ze kter\u00e9 si m\u016f\u017eete vybrat pro sv\u00e9 projekty. Krom\u011b toho si je m\u016f\u017eete od na\u0161eho t\u00fdmu odborn\u00edk\u016f tak\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsobit sv\u00fdm specifick\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. Nav\u0161tivte na\u0161i webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky<\/a> se dozv\u00edte v\u00edce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Doln\u00ed dutina b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed (abdominopelvick\u00e1) zahrnuje b\u0159icho a p\u00e1nev. V dutin\u011b b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ledviny, nadledviny a v\u011bt\u0161ina tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu. V p\u00e1nevn\u00ed dutin\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed urogenit\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a kone\u010dn\u00edku. P\u00e1nevn\u00ed dutina m\u00e1 t\u0159i hranice: b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutinu, k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovou kost a p\u00e1nev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch h\u0159betn\u00ed dutina<\/a> je men\u0161\u00ed ze dvou hlavn\u00edch dutin. Je pojmenov\u00e1na podle sv\u00e9ho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v t\u011ble a obsahuje org\u00e1ny, kter\u00e9 jsou um\u00edst\u011bny v\u00edce vzadu. H\u0159betn\u00ed dutina m\u00e1 dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti. V doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, neboli v p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00edch kan\u00e1lech, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed m\u00edcha a v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, neboli v lebe\u010dn\u00ed dutin\u011b, mozek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Z anatomick\u00e9ho hlediska existuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i hlavn\u00ed polohy: vle\u017ee na z\u00e1dech, vle\u017ee na z\u00e1dech, vpravo vle\u017ee na boku a vlevo vle\u017ee na boku. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 poloha m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 d\u016fsledky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pokud jsou anatomick\u00e9 polohy dob\u0159e zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny, je jejich pochopen\u00ed mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed. Pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fsobiv\u00fdch vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f m\u016f\u017ee usnadnit pochopen\u00ed i t\u011bch nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch nebo nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f. P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si n\u00e1\u0161 blog \"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 ilustrace: Kl\u00ed\u010d ke sv\u011btu vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdy<\/a>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S Mind the Graph<\/a> m\u016f\u017eete ilustrovat jak\u00fdkoli v\u00fdzkum a tak\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it svou pr\u00e1ci mezi \u0161irok\u00e9 publikum. V na\u0161\u00ed knihovn\u011b najdete rozs\u00e1hlou sb\u00edrku ilustrac\u00ed, ze kter\u00e9 si m\u016f\u017eete vybrat pro sv\u00e9 projekty. Krom\u011b toho si je m\u016f\u017eete od na\u0161eho t\u00fdmu odborn\u00edk\u016f tak\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsobit sv\u00fdm specifick\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. Nav\u0161tivte na\u0161i webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky<\/a> se dozv\u00edte v\u00edce.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAnatomick\u00e9 polohy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Sd\u011blte sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky a poznatky bez n\u00e1mahy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u016fsobiv\u00fdch vizualizac\u00ed.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n