{"id":15502,"date":"2022-01-27T14:08:54","date_gmt":"2022-01-27T16:08:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/best-podcasts-about-science-copy\/"},"modified":"2024-12-05T16:08:58","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T19:08:58","slug":"advancements-in-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/pokrok-ve-vede\/","title":{"rendered":"10 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch objev\u016f, kter\u00e9 mus\u00edte zn\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b je publikov\u00e1no obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch prac\u00ed na nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed t\u00e9mata, od astronomie p\u0159es klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a\u017e po sou\u010dasnou pandemii.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jin\u00fdmi slovy, je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 rozli\u0161it mezi pracemi, kter\u00e9 jsou relevantn\u00ed, zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, ale z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti irelevantn\u00ed, a v\u011bdeck\u00fdm brakem.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V uplynul\u00fdch letech jsme byli sv\u011bdky \u0159ady p\u0159evratn\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto vedly ke skute\u010dn\u00e9mu rozmachu znalost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1sleduje seznam deseti nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f v roce 2021, v\u010detn\u011b nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch historick\u00fdch objev\u016f a p\u0159ehledu toho, co n\u00e1s v oblasti v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho pokroku \u010dek\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Pokrok ve v\u011bd\u011b v roce 2021<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/habitable-zone.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"946\" height=\"532\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/habitable-zone-image-2202.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/habitable-zone-image-2202.jpeg 946w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/habitable-zone-image-2202-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/habitable-zone-image-2202-768x432.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 946px) 100vw, 946px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3>1. Mimozemsk\u00fd \u017eivot je nyn\u00ed snaz\u0161\u00ed naj\u00edt ne\u017e kdykoli p\u0159edt\u00edm.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/exoplanets.nasa.gov\/search-for-life\/habitable-zone\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pap\u00edr<\/a> publikovan\u00e9 v roce 2021 v\u011bdci nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee by mohla existovat planeta s \u017eivotem, kter\u00e1 pat\u0159\u00ed do kategorie hyce\u00e1nsk\u00fdch planet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Popsali planetu bohatou na vod\u00edk a pokrytou oce\u00e1ny, kter\u00e1 je asi 2,6kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Zem\u011b. Lidsk\u00e1 rasa by takov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky nevydr\u017eela, ale jin\u00e9 formy \u017eivota ano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee methylchlorid a dimethylsulfid jsou na vodn\u00edch planet\u00e1ch sn\u00e1ze zjistiteln\u00e9, lze snadn\u011bji identifikovat biosignatury. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch dvou a\u017e t\u0159ech desetilet\u00edch bude mo\u017en\u00e9 zjistit a potvrdit \u017eivot na jin\u00fdch planet\u00e1ch ne\u017e na Zemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje velk\u00e1 \u0161ance, \u017ee se n\u00e1m brzy poda\u0159\u00ed objevit planety s \u017eivotem nebo alespo\u0148 planety, kter\u00e9 by \u017eivot mohly podporovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>2. Editace gen\u016f CRISPR na b\u00e1zi krve<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Technologie CISPR obvykle pracuje na odebran\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch v laborato\u0159i p\u0159ed jejich op\u011btovn\u00fdm zaveden\u00edm do t\u011bla. V d\u016fsledku toho se jedn\u00e1 o zdlouhav\u00fd a n\u00e1kladn\u00fd postup, po kter\u00e9m \u010dasto n\u00e1sleduje chemoterapie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pacientce se vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm byla v \u010dervnu 2021 aplikov\u00e1na injekce genov\u00e9ho editoru CRISPR Cas-9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Transthyretinov\u00e1 amyloid\u00f3za byla v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b l\u00e9\u010dena. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6518885\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">p\u0159\u00edpad<\/a>, dokonce sni\u017euje mno\u017estv\u00ed destruktivn\u00edch enzym\u016f v posti\u017een\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00edch a org\u00e1nech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>3. Elektri\u010dt\u00ed \u00faho\u0159i jsou jedni z nej\u0161\u0165astn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dravc\u016f.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ne\u017e ichtyolog Smithsonova institutu C. David de Santana objevil v povod\u00ed Amazonky jezero bez hladiny, byli \u00faho\u0159i elektrick\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za osam\u011bl\u00e9 lovce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle jeho <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ece3.7121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/a> v \u010dasopise Ecology and Evolution, Voltovi elektrick\u00ed \u00faho\u0159i lov\u00ed ve skupin\u00e1ch tak, \u017ee krou\u017e\u00ed kolem sv\u00e9 ko\u0159isti a zasahuj\u00ed ji proudem 860 volt\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00daho\u0159i mohou ulovit v\u00edce ryb, kdy\u017e lov\u00ed ve skupin\u011b, a ne jednotliv\u011b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch spole\u010denstev elektrick\u00fdch \u00faho\u0159\u016f v povod\u00ed Amazonky t\u00fdm douf\u00e1, \u017ee se mu poda\u0159\u00ed identifikovat dal\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsoby lovu, kter\u00e9 \u00faho\u0159i vykazuj\u00ed, proto\u017ee biodiverzita je ohro\u017eena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/all-access-pricing?utm_source=mtg&amp;utm_campaign=all-access-promotion&amp;utm_medium=blog\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"410\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-1024x410.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-55426\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-1024x410.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-768x307.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-1536x615.png 1536w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-2048x820.png 2048w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-100x40.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3>4. Vakc\u00edna Covid-19<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nejneuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch titulk\u016f pro rok 2020 je i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/covid-19-vaccines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vakc\u00edny Covid-19<\/a> byly vyvinuty, ale byly zavedeny a\u017e v roce 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prvn\u00ed vakc\u00ednu pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9 zavedly spole\u010dnosti Pfizer a Moderna v prosinci 2020, v roce 2021 ji n\u00e1sledovala spole\u010dnost Johnson &amp; Johnson. Vakc\u00ednu Covid-19 mohou nyn\u00ed dost\u00e1vat d\u011bti ji\u017e od p\u011bti let.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>5. Vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed teleskopu Jamese Webba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<center>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho teleskopu Jamese Webba\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9tXlqWldVVk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/center>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA ned\u00e1vno vypustila nejv\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00fd teleskop, jak\u00fd byl kdy postaven. <a href=\"https:\/\/webb.nasa.gov\/content\/about\/launch.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vesm\u00edrn\u00fd teleskop Jamese Webba<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby sonda dos\u00e1hla stabiln\u00ed polohy ve vesm\u00edru, uraz\u00ed b\u011bhem 30 dn\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 milion kilometr\u016f a pot\u00e9 budou v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch rozlo\u017eeny, se\u0159\u00edzeny a kalibrov\u00e1ny jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u011bhem startu do\u0161lo k n\u011bkolika zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm. V p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch desetilet\u00edch bude sledovat ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu Zem\u011b. Nakonec se n\u00e1m mo\u017en\u00e1 poda\u0159\u00ed objevit zn\u00e1mky existence \u017eivota na jin\u00fdch planet\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>6. Nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed kvantov\u00fd procesor v\u0161ech dob<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u010d\u00edta\u010de zalo\u017een\u00e9 na kvantov\u00e9 technologii dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika sekund zpracovat informace, kter\u00e9 by jinak na nejlep\u0161\u00edch superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch trvaly n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed nebo t\u00fddn\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kvantov\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed z\u00e1kony kvantov\u00e9 fyziky k v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016fm a m\u011bn\u00ed obory, jako je astrofyzika, IT, in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed, n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a dal\u0161\u00ed. Na adrese . <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2297583-ibm-creates-largest-ever-superconducting-quantum-computer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">127-qubitov\u00fd orel<\/a> uvedla spole\u010dnost IBM v listopadu 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<center>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"IBM vytvo\u0159ila dosud nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed supravodiv\u00fd kvantov\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GmQRYLWkukI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/center>\n\n\n\n<p>Do dne\u0161n\u00edho dne se jedn\u00e1 o p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fd kvantov\u00fd procesor. Oblast kvantov\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f je nyn\u00ed p\u0159ipravena na rychl\u00fd rozvoj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>7. Lid\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed evoluci zv\u00ed\u0159at<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010clov\u011bk p\u0159\u00edmo i nep\u0159\u00edmo ovlivnil v\u00fdvoj zv\u00ed\u0159at. Pytl\u00e1ctv\u00ed vedlo k prudk\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu po\u010dtu slon\u016f africk\u00fdch bez kl\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u011bhem mozambick\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v letech 1977-1992 bylo vyhubeno obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed slon\u016f s obrovsk\u00fdmi kly, co\u017e znamenalo, \u017ee nejv\u00edce genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu p\u0159edaly samice bez obrovsk\u00fdch kl\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdvoj \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f je nep\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n \u010dlov\u011bkem, proto\u017ee krom\u011b zab\u00edjen\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed teploty vyvolan\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00edm oteplov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.elsevier.com\/trends-in-ecology-and-evolution\/recent-articles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2021 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasopisu Trends in Ecology and Evolution<\/a> tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed netop\u00fd\u0159\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddla a del\u0161\u00ed kr\u00e1li\u010d\u00ed u\u0161i, kter\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyza\u0159uj\u00ed v\u00edce tepla do okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkazy byly zve\u0159ejn\u011bny v \u010dasopise Science Advances. V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee pt\u00e1ci z odlehl\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed amazonsk\u00e9ho de\u0161tn\u00e9ho pralesa jsou v d\u016fsledku zm\u011bny sr\u00e1\u017eek a zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edch se teplot leh\u010d\u00ed a jejich k\u0159\u00eddla se prodlou\u017eila.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>8. V\u00fdvoj um\u011bl\u00e9ho titanov\u00e9ho srdce<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Syntetick\u00e9 srdce je c\u00edlem v\u011bdc\u016f ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 let. Koron\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce je ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu \u00famrt\u00ed. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencefocus.com\/news\/artificial-hearts-made-from-magnets-and-titanium-could-save-many-lives\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BiVACOR <\/a>je titanov\u00e9 srdce vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 australsk\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm t\u00fdmem, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 technologii rotuj\u00edc\u00edch disk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<center>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"BiVACOR\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HAajHSmplpA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/center>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e nenapodobuje lidsk\u00e9 srdce, sna\u017e\u00ed se evoluci vylep\u0161it t\u00edm, \u017ee pumpuje krev efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. Zkou\u0161ky na lidech st\u00e1le prob\u00edhaj\u00ed. Zat\u00edm byly provedeny pouze do\u010dasn\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky na pacientech po transplantaci srdce a tak\u00e9 na zv\u00ed\u0159atech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>9. Vakc\u00edna proti mal\u00e1rii pro d\u011bti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Epidemie mal\u00e1rie ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b zabije v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl milionu lid\u00ed, co\u017e z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed jednu z nejsmrteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch nemoc\u00ed na planet\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00edce ne\u017e polovina z nich jsou d\u011bti. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/06-10-2021-who-recommends-groundbreaking-malaria-vaccine-for-children-at-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vakc\u00edna proti mal\u00e1rii pro d\u011bti<\/a> byla schv\u00e1lena Sv\u011btovou zdravotnickou organizac\u00ed (WHO), a stala se tak prvn\u00ed sv\u00e9ho druhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vakc\u00edna proti mal\u00e1rii napad\u00e1 p\u011bt nejsmrteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u016fvodc\u016f mal\u00e1rie a pod\u00e1v\u00e1 se ve \u010dty\u0159ech injekc\u00edch. D\u00edky tomuto v\u011bdeck\u00e9mu objevu by se mohlo zabr\u00e1nit p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u011bti milion\u016fm p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f mal\u00e1rie ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>10. <strong>Objevy na Marsu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/discoveries-on-mars.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"992\" height=\"740\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/discoveries-on-mars.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15518\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/discoveries-on-mars.jpg 992w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/discoveries-on-mars-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/discoveries-on-mars-768x573.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 992px) 100vw, 992px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>K Marsu se po\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 2021 p\u0159ipojily t\u0159i mise, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017eily vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy Zem\u011b s Marsem, k n\u011bmu\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fdch 26 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mars.nasa.gov\/msl\/mission\/science\/results\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">P\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00ed modul Perseverance spole\u010dnosti NASA<\/a>vybaven\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstroji pro vrt\u00e1n\u00ed a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed vzork\u016f hornin, se m\u00e1 v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti vydat na cestu p\u0159es kr\u00e1ter Jezero.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u011bhem mise Sample Return bude z\u00edsk\u00e1no 43 vzork\u016f hornin, kter\u00e9 budou odesl\u00e1ny v z\u00e1sobn\u00edc\u00edch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonda Hope ze Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1t\u016f sledovala z ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy denn\u00ed, m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed a ro\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bny na Marsu a sna\u017eila se studovat minul\u00e9 a sou\u010dasn\u00e9 klima Marsu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Orbit\u00e1ln\u00ed sonda Tianwen-1 nav\u0161t\u00edvila Mars z ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy a b\u011bhem mise p\u0159ist\u00e1la s voz\u00edtkem Zhurong na planet\u011b Utopia Planitia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010c\u00edna se sna\u017eila otestovat schopnost pohybu na povrchu Marsu. V\u011bdci testovali schopnost man\u00e9vrovat v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e Marsu, co\u017e je jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch objev\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Pokroky ve v\u011bd\u011b v pr\u016fb\u011bhu historie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/dpa-story-img-crispr.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"2400\" height=\"1349\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/dpa-story-crispr.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15520\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/dpa-story-crispr.jpg 2400w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/dpa-story-crispr-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/dpa-story-crispr-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/dpa-story-crispr-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/dpa-story-crispr-1536x863.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/dpa-story-crispr-2048x1151.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3>Editace genomu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme chirurgicky odstranit geny a sledovat jejich regula\u010dn\u00ed prvky. To p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pr\u016flom v pochopen\u00ed nejen fungov\u00e1n\u00ed organism\u016f, ale i posti\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V n\u011bkolika hlavn\u00edch oblastech pou\u017eit\u00ed jsou studie podrobov\u00e1ny klinick\u00fdm zkou\u0161k\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 snad povedou k jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed v medic\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Nejstar\u0161\u00ed fosiln\u00ed poz\u016fstatky Homo sapiens jsou star\u00e9 100 000 let.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V roce 2017 bylo ozn\u00e1meno, \u017ee st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Homo sapiens bylo p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1no na 300 000 let.  To je o 100 000 let v\u00edce, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo. V jeskyni v Maroku byly objeveny kosti star\u00e9 t\u0159i sta tis\u00edc let.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V d\u016fsledku toho se tak\u00e9 uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt pravda, \u017ee n\u00e1\u0161 druh poch\u00e1z\u00ed z v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Afriky, ale \u017ee se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il po cel\u00e9m kontinentu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Prvn\u00ed obr\u00e1zek \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Existence \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br je zn\u00e1m\u00e1, ale jejich temnota je tak\u00e9 z\u0159ejm\u00e1, proto\u017ee za jejich pozorovan\u00fd horizont nedos\u00e1hne \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 sv\u011btlo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V pr\u016fb\u011bhu let se v\u011bdc\u016fm poprv\u00e9 poda\u0159ilo zachytit obraz \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obr\u00e1zek bodu, odkud nen\u00ed n\u00e1vratu, vypad\u00e1 jako \u017ehnouc\u00ed kobliha z plynu a prachu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/img-black-hole-22.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/image-blac-hole.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/image-blac-hole.jpg 700w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/image-blac-hole-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm, kter\u00fd se na tomto objevu pod\u00edlel, z\u00edskal cenu Breakthrough Prize 2020, kter\u00e1 je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za jednu z nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch cen na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>O\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd pokrok ve v\u011bd\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V pr\u016fb\u011bhu desetilet\u00ed jsme sv\u011bdky st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch inovac\u00ed ve v\u011bd\u011b po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No, nejsme p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 daleko od dal\u0161\u00edho technologick\u00e9ho pr\u016flomu, kolonizace Marsu a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edch aut!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>U ka\u017ed\u00e9ho publikovan\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku jsou vy\u017eadov\u00e1ny obr\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 ilustruj\u00ed teorii. Ve spole\u010dnosti Mind the Graph se sna\u017e\u00edme poskytovat v\u00e1m ilustrace ze v\u0161ech kategori\u00ed v\u011bdy. Pod\u00edvejte se na na\u0161e <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/app\/illustrations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">galerie ilustrac\u00ed<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:46px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Seznam v\u0161ech v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch objev\u016f, o kter\u00fdch byste m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt, sestaven\u00fd samotn\u00fdmi v\u011bdci.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15510,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[419,40,959,28],"tags":[554,250,775],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>10 most relevant advancements in science that you must know -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A list made by scientists themselves on all major advancements in science you should definitely know about.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/pokrok-ve-vede\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Graphical abstract maker? Yes, you need it!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A list made by scientists themselves on all major advancements in science you should definitely know about.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/pokrok-ve-vede\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-01-27T16:08:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-05T19:08:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/002-graphical-abstract-maker-facebook-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fabricio Pamplona\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Graphical abstract maker? 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. Connect with him on LinkedIn - Fabricio Pamplona.","sameAs":["http:\/\/mindthegraph.com","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/fabriciopamplona"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/author\/fabricio\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15502"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15502"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15502\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55780,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15502\/revisions\/55780"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15510"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}