{"id":13115,"date":"2021-07-13T14:04:42","date_gmt":"2021-07-13T17:04:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=13115"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:27:25","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:27:25","slug":"plastic-pollution-are-microplastics-contaminants-an-emerging-concern","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/znecisteni-plastem-jsou-mikroplasty-znecistujicimi-latkami-vznikajici-obavou\/","title":{"rendered":"Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plastem: Jsou mikroplasty nov\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Od doby, kdy v\u011bdci objevili nebezpe\u010d\u00ed mikroplast\u016f, uplynulo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 20 let - v\u011bt\u0161ina studi\u00ed se zam\u011b\u0159ila na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010dichy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd plastov\u00fd \u00falomek o d\u00e9lce men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 5 milimetr\u016f se ozna\u010duje jako mikroplast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch v\u00fdzkumu mikroplast\u016f se v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zab\u00fdvali p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mikrokuli\u010dkami a panensk\u00fdmi plastov\u00fdmi peletami, kter\u00e9 nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 tvarovat do v\u00fdrobk\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b kus\u016f velk\u00fdch odpadk\u016f nebo rozbit\u00fdch lahv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se pomalu rozkl\u00e1daly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u00edvejte se na Galerie Mind the Graph<\/a> ilustrace souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s t\u00e9matem tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku. Klikn\u011bte na obr\u00e1zek n\u00ed\u017ee!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Galerie<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tyto zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky se vyplavuj\u00ed do \u0159ek a kontaminuj\u00ed oce\u00e1ny. Oce\u00e1nografov\u00e9 odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee povrchov\u00e9 vody Zem\u011b obsahuj\u00ed 15 a\u017e 51 bilion\u016f plastov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkolik stovek studi\u00ed odhalilo p\u0159\u00edtomnost mikroplast\u016f ve vodn\u00edch organismech. Od t\u00e9 doby bylo nav\u00edc identifikov\u00e1no mnoho zdroj\u016f mikroplast\u016f, jako jsou plastov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 vozidly na silnic\u00edch a syntetick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna vylu\u010dovan\u00e1 z od\u011bv\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b toho lid\u00e9 polykaj\u00ed nebo vdechuj\u00ed plasty z neidentifikovan\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, proto\u017ee \u00falomky vanou mezi mo\u0159em a pevninou. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 zjistit, zda drobn\u00e9 kousky plast\u016f maj\u00ed \u010di nemaj\u00ed negativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky na \u010dlov\u011bka nebo zv\u00ed\u0159ata. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u011b\u0159en\u00edm expozice zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u010din\u00ed regula\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny v oblasti \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed prvn\u00ed krok ke kvantifikaci zdravotn\u00edch rizik. Vzhledem k n\u00e1r\u016fstu koncentrace mikroplast\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edm poruch\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeny konzumac\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00fdch plod\u016f, je to d\u016fvod k velk\u00fdm obav\u00e1m a nov\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji v p\u0159\u00edpadech probl\u00e9m\u016f s d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak p\u0159esn\u011b mikroplasty \u0161kod\u00ed?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a \u00fa\u010dinky t\u011bchto plastov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic byly p\u0159edm\u011btem \u0159ady studi\u00ed. V z\u00e1vislosti na jejich velikosti nebo schopnosti pronikat do tk\u00e1n\u00ed nebo bun\u011bk mohou zp\u016fsobovat podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed u\u017e jen svou p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed obavy v\u011bdc\u016f vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed nanoplasty, nejmen\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice o pr\u016fm\u011bru v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e jeden mikrometr. Pokud z chemick\u00e9 toxicity mikroplast\u016f vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 negativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky, maj\u00ed obvykle v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed velikost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mnoh\u00e1 aditiva pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b plast\u016f p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed riziko, proto\u017ee negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed endokrinn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b existuje mnoho faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se zkoumaj\u00ed, aby se pochopilo, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jsou mikroplasty p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1ny a za jak dlouho se jejich \u00fa\u010dinky na organismus projev\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Studie konkr\u00e9tn\u011b na lidech jsou omezen\u00e9 a tento v\u00fdzkum se dostal do pop\u0159ed\u00ed z\u00e1jmu, p\u0159esto\u017ee jedin\u00e9 dostupn\u00e9 studie vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed laboratorn\u00ed experimenty, p\u0159i nich\u017e jsou bu\u0148ky a lidsk\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b vystaveny mikroplast\u016fm, nebo studie na zv\u00ed\u0159atech s hlodavci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 mikroplasty v mo\u0159sk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"osoba<\/a>
Zdroj obr\u00e1zku<\/em>: Unsplash<\/a> podle Brian Yurasits<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pokud mluv\u00edme o mo\u0159sk\u00fdch organismech, nejz\u0159eteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak jim plast m\u016f\u017ee ubl\u00ed\u017eit, je to, \u017ee polykaj\u00ed drobn\u00e9 plastov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 nejsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9, aby p\u0159e\u017eily. Ve sv\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu Lynchov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed v\u00fdzkumnou skupinu Centrum pro v\u00fdzkum mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho odpadu<\/a> na adrese Hawaii Pacific University<\/a> v Honolulu zkoumala plasty a dal\u0161\u00ed chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky ve vnit\u0159nostech mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u017eelv nalezen\u00fdch na pl\u00e1\u017e\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jej\u00ed t\u00fdm provedl v roce 2020 s\u00e9rii anal\u00fdz dev\u00edti ml\u00e1\u010fat mlad\u0161\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed t\u00fddn\u016f. P\u0159esto\u017ee bylo jedno vyl\u00edhnut\u00e9 ml\u00e1d\u011b dlouh\u00e9 pouh\u00fdch 9 centimetr\u016f, jeho tr\u00e1vic\u00ed trakt obsahoval 42 kus\u016f plastu. V\u011bt\u0161inu z nich tvo\u0159ily mikroplasty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee se nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee by mikroplasty byly hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed, z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem. Mnoho p\u0159edn\u00edch v\u011bdc\u016f nav\u00edc u\u010dinilo r\u016fzn\u00e9 objevy souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s mikroplasty a mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi organismy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jako alternativu ke kuli\u010dk\u00e1m nyn\u00ed v\u011bdci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vl\u00e1kna nebo \u00falomky plast\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou realisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzhledem k podm\u00ednk\u00e1m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Mnoho testovac\u00edch test\u016f je pota\u017eeno chemick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami, kter\u00e9 jsou podobn\u00e9 biofilm\u016fm, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee je zv\u00ed\u0159ata poz\u0159ou. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem do\u0161lo k pozitivn\u00edmu posunu v rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kodlivosti mikroplast\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se v\u011bdci domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee mikroplasty a nanoplasty nejsou p\u0159\u00edtomny v takov\u00e9 koncentraci, aby ovlivnily lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed. P\u0159esto se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee jejich po\u010det poroste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud p\u0159ejdeme na udr\u017eiteln\u00fd zp\u016fsob \u017eivota a sn\u00ed\u017e\u00edme mno\u017estv\u00ed toxick\u00e9ho odpadu vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho do mo\u0159e, m\u016f\u017eeme tento probl\u00e9m zvl\u00e1dnout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podrobn\u00fd popis \u010dl\u00e1nku naleznete na n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9m DOI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lim, X. (2021). Mikroplasty jsou v\u0161ude - ale jsou \u0161kodliv\u00e9? https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-021-01143-3.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u00edvejte se do galerie Mind the Graph na ilustrace t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se plast\u016f a mo\u0159e.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Od doby, kdy v\u011bdci objevili nebezpe\u010d\u00ed mikroplast\u016f, uplynulo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 20 let - v\u011bt\u0161ina studi\u00ed se zam\u011b\u0159ila na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010dichy. Jako mikroplast se ozna\u010duje ka\u017ed\u00fd plastov\u00fd \u00falomek o d\u00e9lce men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 5 milimetr\u016f. V po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch v\u00fdzkumu mikroplast\u016f se v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zab\u00fdvali p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mikroperli\u010dkami a panensk\u00fdmi plastov\u00fdmi granulemi, kter\u00e9 nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 tvarovat do v\u00fdrobk\u016f, [...].<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":13119,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nPlastic Pollution: Are Microplastic Contaminants a Concern? - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Besides the presence of microplastics in aquatic organisms, researchers estimate 15 trillion particles of plastic in the ocean.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/znecisteni-plastem-jsou-mikroplasty-znecistujicimi-latkami-vznikajici-obavou\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Plastic pollution: Are microplastics contaminants an emerging concern?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Besides the presence of microplastics in aquatic organisms, researchers estimate 15 trillion particles of plastic in the ocean.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/znecisteni-plastem-jsou-mikroplasty-znecistujicimi-latkami-vznikajici-obavou\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-13T17:04:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-05T17:27:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/post-plastic-pollution-facebook.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bruna Soldera\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Plastic pollution: Are microplastics contaminants an emerging concern?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Besides the presence of microplastics in aquatic organisms, researchers estimate 15 trillion particles of plastic in the ocean.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/post-plastic-pollution-twitter.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bruna Soldera\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Plastic Pollution: Are Microplastic Contaminants a Concern? - MTG","description":"Besides the presence of microplastics in aquatic organisms, researchers estimate 15 trillion particles of plastic in the ocean.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/znecisteni-plastem-jsou-mikroplasty-znecistujicimi-latkami-vznikajici-obavou\/","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"Plastic pollution: Are microplastics contaminants an emerging concern?","og_description":"Besides the presence of microplastics in aquatic organisms, researchers estimate 15 trillion particles of plastic in the ocean.","og_url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/znecisteni-plastem-jsou-mikroplasty-znecistujicimi-latkami-vznikajici-obavou\/","og_site_name":"Mind the Graph Blog","article_published_time":"2021-07-13T17:04:42+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-01-05T17:27:25+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":628,"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/post-plastic-pollution-facebook.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Bruna Soldera","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Plastic pollution: Are microplastics contaminants an emerging concern?","twitter_description":"Besides the presence of microplastics in aquatic organisms, researchers estimate 15 trillion particles of plastic in the ocean.","twitter_image":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/post-plastic-pollution-twitter.jpg","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Bruna Soldera","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/plastic-pollution-are-microplastics-contaminants-an-emerging-concern\/","url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/plastic-pollution-are-microplastics-contaminants-an-emerging-concern\/","name":"Plastic Pollution: Are Microplastic Contaminants a Concern? - MTG","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-07-13T17:04:42+00:00","dateModified":"2023-01-05T17:27:25+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6a3f0be2cd19879e0b9b54457a069602"},"description":"Besides the presence of microplastics in aquatic organisms, researchers estimate 15 trillion particles of plastic in the ocean.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/plastic-pollution-are-microplastics-contaminants-an-emerging-concern\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cs-CZ","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/plastic-pollution-are-microplastics-contaminants-an-emerging-concern\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/plastic-pollution-are-microplastics-contaminants-an-emerging-concern\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Plastic Pollution: Are Microplastics Contaminants an Emerging Concern?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/","name":"Mind the Graph Blog","description":"Your science can be beautiful!","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"cs-CZ"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6a3f0be2cd19879e0b9b54457a069602","name":"Bruna Soldera","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs-CZ","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/93afc55eb938f215d2b7a23322de49be?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/93afc55eb938f215d2b7a23322de49be?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Bruna Soldera"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/mindthegraph.com","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bruna-soldera-826426126\/"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/author\/bruna\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13115"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13115"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13115\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26026,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13115\/revisions\/26026"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13119"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13115"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}