{"id":13096,"date":"2021-07-05T19:37:29","date_gmt":"2021-07-05T22:37:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=13096"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:45:58","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:45:58","slug":"measuring-soil-macronutrients-with-a-tongue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/mereni-pudnich-makronutrientu-jazykem\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed p\u016fdn\u00edch makro\u017eivin jazykem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jak m\u011b\u0159it obsah makro\u017eivin v p\u016fd\u011b?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed nikdo nemus\u00ed olizovat p\u016fdu, aby zjistil, kolik \u017eivin je v n\u00ed obsa\u017eeno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bdci jako Dr. Maria L. Braunger<\/a> a Dr. Antonio Riul Jr<\/a> pracuj\u00ed na elektronick\u00e9m jazyku, kter\u00fd by to umo\u017enil. Oba v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci vyv\u00edjej\u00ed nov\u00e9 strategie a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u017eivin v p\u016fd\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak ale toto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed funguje a pro\u010d je pot\u0159eba m\u011b\u0159it \u017eiviny v p\u016fd\u011b?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak uvedli Dr. Braunger a Dr. Riul v \u010dl\u00e1nku jejich pr\u00e1ce<\/a>: \"Rostouc\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka po potravin\u00e1ch bez zv\u011bt\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed produk\u010dn\u00ed plochy vy\u017eaduje lep\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj lep\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed by m\u011bl zabr\u00e1nit nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f a hnojiv. V tomto kontextu jsou pro hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s p\u016fdou a produktivitu plodin p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed precizn\u00edho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vysoce podrobn\u00e9 informace pro charakterizaci p\u016fdy.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co byste m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed zeleniny jsou k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdvoje plodin zapot\u0159eb\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eiviny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existuj\u00ed dva typy miner\u00e1ln\u00edch \u017eivin, mikro\u017eiviny a makro\u017eiviny, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed nesouvis\u00ed s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010di men\u0161\u00ed nezbytnost\u00ed, ale s mno\u017estv\u00edm, kter\u00e9 plodina pot\u0159ebuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u00edvejte se na Galerie Mind the Graph<\/a> pro ilustrace t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u016fdy. Klikn\u011bte na obr\u00e1zek n\u00ed\u017ee!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"ilustrace<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00edm z vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, pro\u010d jsou makronutrienty vy\u017eadov\u00e1ny ve vysok\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed, je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee maj\u00ed strukturn\u00ed \u00falohu, jsou p\u0159\u00edtomny v mal\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech DNA (deoxyribonukleov\u00e1 kyselina) a RNA (ribonukleov\u00e1 kyselina), p\u0159i enzymatick\u00e9 aktivaci a fotosynt\u00e9ze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160est chemick\u00fdch prvk\u016f se pova\u017euje za makro\u017eiviny: Dus\u00edk (N), fosfor (P), drasl\u00edk (K), v\u00e1pn\u00edk (Ca), ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk (Mg) a s\u00edra (S).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159esn\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v p\u016fd\u011b je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed makro\u017eivin a mikro\u017eivin, a auto\u0159i uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 udr\u017eovat p\u016fdu zdravou. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento p\u0159\u00edstup k zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed zohledn\u00ed v\u0161echny dostupn\u00e9 \u00fadaje, aby se zlep\u0161ila efektivita, produktivita a udr\u017eitelnost venkovsk\u00e9 produkce. Zelenina m\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 pot\u0159eby a p\u016fda by j\u00ed m\u011bla poskytnout v\u0161echny \u017eiviny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro zdrav\u00fd r\u016fst. Mno\u017estv\u00ed \u017eivin v\u0161ak nen\u00ed na p\u016fd\u011b pro lidsk\u00e9 oko viditeln\u00e9, a proto je t\u0159eba je m\u011b\u0159it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dne\u0161n\u00ed technologie m\u011b\u0159\u00ed \u017eiviny v p\u016fd\u011b tak, \u017ee vzorky pos\u00edl\u00e1 do specializovan\u00e9 laborato\u0159e, kde se prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomal\u00e1 a n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 chemick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza. Autor\u016fv elektronick\u00fd jazyk (e-tongue) je nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 slibuje kr\u00e1tkodobou lok\u00e1ln\u00ed, rychlou a levnou anal\u00fdzu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co je to ale e-jazyk a jak chutn\u00e1 p\u016fda?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Lidsk\u00e9 chu\u0165ov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky vn\u00edmaj\u00ed slan\u00e9, kysel\u00e9, ho\u0159k\u00e9, sladk\u00e9 a umami chut\u011b. Chu\u0165ov\u00e9 receptory v chu\u0165ov\u00fdch poh\u00e1rc\u00edch jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za reakci s ionty p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdmi v potravin\u00e1ch rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch ve slin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu\u0148ky pos\u00edlaj\u00ed do mozku nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 informace o chuti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

E-jazyk je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed napodobuj\u00edc\u00ed lidsk\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek a obecn\u011b se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze soustavy sn\u00edmac\u00edch jednotek simuluj\u00edc\u00edch chu\u0165ov\u00e9 poh\u00e1rky. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, po pono\u0159en\u00ed do kapaliny mohou sn\u00edmac\u00ed jednotky poci\u0165ovat zm\u011bny vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zm\u011bn sv\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch charakteristik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzorku p\u016fdy je t\u0159eba p\u016fdu rozpustit ve vod\u011b a nechat ji proj\u00edt soustavou \u010dty\u0159 senzor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzorek funguje jako dielektrick\u00e9 m\u00e9dium a senzor jako paraleln\u00ed deskov\u00fd kondenz\u00e1tor. Ionty p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 ve vzorku, kter\u00e9 proch\u00e1zej\u00ed soustavou sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f, m\u011bn\u00ed impedanci r\u016fzn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem v z\u00e1vislosti na elektrick\u00e9 povaze materi\u00e1l\u016f tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch jednotliv\u00e9 sn\u00edmac\u00ed jednotky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozd\u00edl v elektrick\u00e9 odezv\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed otisk analyzovan\u00e9ho vzorku. \u00dadaje o kapacitn\u00ed impedanci senzoru se z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed frekven\u010dn\u00edm rozsahem mezi 1 Hz a 1 MHz sinusov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu s amplitudou 25 mV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i zohledn\u011bn\u00ed zm\u011bn v\u0161ech sn\u00edmac\u00edch jednotek dohromady a pou\u017eit\u00ed matematick\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat bod m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pro vzorek ve 2D rovinn\u00e9m grafu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzva<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt e-jazyk kvalitativn\u00ed odezvu a v\u00fdzvou je dnes kvantitativn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed drasl\u00edku (nap\u0159\u00edklad) ve vzorku p\u016fdy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alternativou je m\u00edt standardn\u00ed p\u016fdu (nap\u0159\u00edklad bohatou na drasl\u00edk) a metoda ur\u010d\u00ed, jak daleko je vzorek od tohoto standardu, a odhadne mno\u017estv\u00ed drasl\u00edku ve vzorku p\u016fdy. Standard pro ka\u017ed\u00fd makro\u017eivinov\u00fd prvek umo\u017e\u0148uje zkontrolovat, zda je vzorek p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 bl\u00edzko nebo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 daleko (chud\u00fd, resp. bohat\u00fd) od ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z nich.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"v\u011bdeck\u00e1<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u00edt k dispozici reakci e-jazyka a zn\u00e1t tak rovnov\u00e1hu \u017eivin v p\u016fd\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uje zem\u011bd\u011blci \u0159\u00eddit korekci p\u016fdy v\u00fdb\u011brem spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho hnojiva v konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed oblasti, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se sni\u017euje pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i slep\u00e9 volb\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed produktivity je c\u00edlem precizn\u00edho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a t\u00edmto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm cht\u011bj\u00ed Dr. Braunger a Dr. Raul pomoci precizn\u00edmu zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed pomoc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je levn\u00e9, jednoduch\u00e9, rychl\u00e9 a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se p\u0159\u00edmo na m\u00edst\u011b. Douf\u00e1me, \u017ee ji\u017e brzy budou elektronick\u00e9 jazyky pom\u00e1hat zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016fm v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed budoucnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

____________<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr. Braunger a Dr. Raul pom\u00e1haj\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016fm, Mind the Graph<\/a> v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipravit refer\u00e1t nebo prezentaci s mnoha kategoriemi ilustrac\u00ed, kde najdete v\u0161e, co pot\u0159ebujete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


A pokud budete pot\u0159ebovat cokoli dal\u0161\u00edho, jsme tu pro v\u00e1s. p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed k \u00fa\u010dtu<\/a> a po\u0161lete n\u00e1m zpr\u00e1vu v sekci PO\u017d\u00c1DAT O IKONU.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jak m\u011b\u0159it obsah makro\u017eivin v p\u016fd\u011b? Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed nikdo nemus\u00ed p\u016fdu olizovat, aby v n\u00ed zm\u011b\u0159il p\u0159\u00edtomnost \u017eivin. V\u011bdci jako Dr. Maria L. Braunger a Dr. Antonio Riul Jr. pracuj\u00ed na elektronick\u00e9m jazyku, kter\u00fd to dok\u00e1\u017ee. Oba v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci vyv\u00edjej\u00ed nov\u00e9 strategie a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm \u017eivin na [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":13099,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nMeasuring Soil Macronutrients With a Tongue - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists are working on an electronic tongue or e-tongue as a new strategy to deal with macronutrients measurement on the soil.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/merjenje-podnebnih-makronutrientov-s-jezikom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Measuring Soil Macronutrients With a Tongue\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists are working on an electronic tongue or e-tongue as a new strategy to deal with macronutrients measurement on the soil.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/merjenje-podnebnih-makronutrientov-s-jezikom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-05T22:37:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-05T17:45:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/post-measuring-soil.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bruna Soldera\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Measuring Soil Macronutrients With a Tongue\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/post-measuring-soil-twitter.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bruna Soldera\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Measuring Soil Macronutrients With a Tongue - 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