V\u011bdci zaznamenali n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, kdy byla dom\u00e1c\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata, zv\u00ed\u0159ata na farm\u00e1ch a v zoologick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch pozitivn\u011b testov\u00e1na na infekci COVID-19. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mezi naka\u017een\u00e9 druhy pat\u0159\u00ed ko\u010dky, norci, lvi a tyg\u0159i. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Studie nejprve uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee ko\u010dky, cibetky a fretky jsou v\u016f\u010di SARS-CoV-2 vn\u00edmav\u00e9, zat\u00edmco prasata, ku\u0159ata a kachny nikoli. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve druh\u00e9m okam\u017eiku se objevily odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky, kter\u00e9 klasifikovaly mor\u010data, my\u0161i a potkany jako nevn\u00edmav\u00e9, zat\u00edmco velbloudy, skot, kon\u011b, ovce a kr\u00e1l\u00edky jako vn\u00edmav\u00e9 k infekci SARS-CoV-2.<\/p>\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/covid-in-pets.png\")
<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nM\u011bli bychom si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee virus SARS-CoV-2 se na \u010dlov\u011bka poprv\u00e9 p\u0159enesl prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mezihostitele. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Dv\u011bma hlavn\u00edmi podez\u0159el\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty jsou netop\u00fd\u0159i a pangolini. Pokud o pangolinech sly\u0161\u00edte poprv\u00e9, v\u011bzte, \u017ee jsou to no\u010dn\u00ed savci pokryt\u00ed rohovinov\u00fdmi \u0161upinami, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed v dut\u00fdch stromech a nor\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zde je ilustrace pangolina:<\/p>\n\n\n K zah\u00e1jen\u00ed infekce mus\u00ed virus nejprve nav\u00e1zat sv\u016fj protein virov\u00e9ho hrotu na receptorov\u00fd protein z membr\u00e1ny hostitelsk\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Hostitelsk\u00fdm receptorov\u00fdm proteinem je extracelul\u00e1rn\u00ed prote\u00e1zov\u00e1 dom\u00e9na angiotenzin konvertuj\u00edc\u00edho enzymu 2, obvykle zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho jako ACE2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ACE2 je jednopr\u016fchodov\u00fd transmembr\u00e1nov\u00fd protein p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd na povrchu n\u011bkolika tk\u00e1n\u00ed. ACE2 nem\u00e1 pouze jednu strukturu, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00edce struktur nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d druhy p\u0159i zachov\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u00e9 funkce. <\/p>\n\n\n\n ACE2 je ve skute\u010dnosti klasifikov\u00e1n jako ortologick\u00fd gen, tj. gen p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd u r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f, kter\u00fd vznikl ze spole\u010dn\u00e9ho genu p\u0159edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n Tyto strukturn\u00ed rozd\u00edly jsou z\u0159ejm\u011b d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d se virus SARS-CoV-2 m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1zat na ACE2 n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f a ne jin\u00fdch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Jakmile se virov\u00fd protein-\u0161pi\u010dka p\u0159ipoj\u00ed k ACE2, virus se dostane do bu\u0148ky a za\u010dne vyu\u017e\u00edvat bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 mechanismy hostitele k mno\u017een\u00ed, co\u017e vede k infekci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed receptoru ACE2 by tak jist\u011b vedlo k p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, pro\u010d jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy zv\u00ed\u0159at n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k infekci, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 ne. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Krom\u011b toho by to v\u011bdc\u016fm pomohlo i p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji l\u00e9k\u016f, kdy by mohli pou\u017e\u00edt antivirov\u00e9 strategie, jako je v\u00fdroba fale\u0161n\u00fdch sk\u0159\u00edn\u011bk, na kter\u00e9 by se virus nav\u00e1zal m\u00edsto skute\u010dn\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky hostitele. <\/p>\n\n\n\n A tak\u00e9 k lep\u0161\u00edmu sledov\u00e1n\u00ed hostitelsk\u00fdch meziprodukt\u016f pro budouc\u00ed virov\u00e9 infekce. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Charakterizovat trojrozm\u011brnou strukturu ACE2 a jeho interakce na atom\u00e1rn\u00ed \u00farovni pomoc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho modelov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo c\u00edlem projektu. Rodrigues a spolupracovn\u00edci<\/a> pr\u00e1ce. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Tento typ charakteriza\u010dn\u00edch studi\u00ed je experiment\u00e1ln\u011b n\u00e1kladn\u00fd a nen\u00ed pou\u017eiteln\u00fd ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, proto\u017ee je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 \u00fadaje, zat\u00edmco v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed modelov\u00e1n\u00ed je rychl\u00e9 a levn\u00e9 a je velmi p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e9 pro vypln\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch mezer ve znalostech strukturn\u00edho r\u00e1mce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V r\u00e1mci studie bylo analyzov\u00e1no 28 druh\u016f zv\u00ed\u0159at, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e byl vytvo\u0159en 3D model ACE2 nav\u00e1zan\u00e9ho na virov\u00fd protein hrotu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee v aminokyselinov\u00e9 sekvenci ACE2 existuj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 m\u00edsta, kde se virov\u00fd protein kv\u016fli mutac\u00edm nem\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1zat na hostitelskou bu\u0148ku. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v sekvenci ACE2 chyb\u00ed jedna aminokyselina zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za mezimolekul\u00e1rn\u00ed soln\u00fd m\u016fstek pozorovan\u00fd mezi ACE2 a vazebn\u00fdm m\u00edstem virov\u00e9ho proteinu, jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed Rodrigues a jeho t\u00fdm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Tento v\u00fdsledek podporuj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed publikovan\u00e9 studie, kter\u00e9 experiment\u00e1ln\u011b prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee nedostatkem t\u00e9to mutace je absence z\u00e1porn\u011b nabit\u00e9 aminokyseliny, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vazbu virov\u00e9ho proteinu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Studie rovn\u011b\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee infekce virem SARS-CoV-2 je slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se dosud p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, a \u017ee hostitele lze nakazit v\u00edce zp\u016fsoby. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Je tedy d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 objasnit, \u017ee sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dostupnosti ACE2 m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit pravd\u011bpodobnost infekce, ale nezabr\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00edmu vzniku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A \u017ee v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed modely nelze pou\u017e\u00edt pouze k p\u0159edpov\u011bdi rizika infekce u jednotliv\u00fdch druh\u016f - ke spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu z\u00e1v\u011bru jsou nutn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fadaje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tak\u017ee asi mus\u00edme pokra\u010dovat v dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pandemick\u00fdch protokol\u016f a d\u011blat to, co u\u017e d\u011bl\u00e1me... Pou\u017e\u00edvat masky, udr\u017eovat si co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed odstup, nechodit do uzav\u0159en\u00fdch a p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00fdch prostor, pro na\u0161i bezpe\u010dnost a hlavn\u011b pro bezpe\u010dnost na\u0161ich milovan\u00fdch dom\u00e1c\u00edch mazl\u00ed\u010dk\u016f, n\u00e1s a na\u0161\u00ed rodiny.<\/p>\n\n\n Tahle chlupat\u00e1 ko\u010dka je tak kr\u00e1sn\u00e1, \u017ee? Tuto a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch ilustrac\u00ed najdete na platform\u011b Mind the Graph. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Veterin\u00e1rn\u00ed<\/a>, ornitologie<\/a>, entomologie<\/a>a zoologie<\/a> Na platform\u011b jsou k dispozici tak\u00e9 ilustrace, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt ve sv\u00e9 infografice. Za\u010dn\u011bte pou\u017e\u00edvat Mind the Graph pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ano, bohu\u017eel i v\u00e1\u0161 dom\u00e1c\u00ed mazl\u00ed\u010dek je ohro\u017een n\u00e1kazou COVID-19. Stejn\u011b jako my jsme n\u00e1chyln\u00ed k infekci virem SARS-CoV-2, jsou k n\u00ed n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 i n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy zv\u00ed\u0159at. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee zv\u00ed\u0159ata maj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 strukturn\u00ed rysy povrchov\u00fdch protein\u016f bun\u011bk p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch u lid\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edtomnost specifick\u00e9ho proteinu funguje jako syst\u00e9m z\u00e1mku a kl\u00ed\u010de, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e kl\u00ed\u010dem je virus [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12241,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[389,647,554],"yoast_head":"\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/pangolin-illustration.png\")
<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/orthologs-genes.png\")
<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/fluffy-cat-illustration-by-mind-the-graph.png\")
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