{"id":12225,"date":"2021-02-01T10:50:46","date_gmt":"2021-02-01T12:50:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12225"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:44:23","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:44:23","slug":"agroforestry-vs-monoculture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/agrolesnictvi-vs-monokultura\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je to agrolesnictv\u00ed a pro\u010d je lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e monokultura?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Monokultura je hlavn\u00ed formou, kterou zem\u011bd\u011blci a zem\u011bd\u011blci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k produkci potravin, aby u\u017eivili neust\u00e1le rostouc\u00ed populaci. Tento typ produkce zp\u016fsobil planet\u011b ne jeden, ale hned n\u011bkolik probl\u00e9m\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dabytek \u017eivin v p\u016fd\u011b, degradace p\u016fdy a lesn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ry jsou p\u0159\u00edklady toho, \u017ee po\u010det obyvatel na\u0161\u00ed planety roste a ka\u017ed\u00fd den vy\u017eaduje v\u00edce potravin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V posledn\u00edch t\u0159iceti letech byla na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech Braz\u00edlie vyvinuta nov\u00e1 metoda. Zem\u011bd\u011blci (neboli farm\u00e1\u0159i) ji\u017e nevol\u00ed monokultury, ale jdou jinou cestou produkce, kter\u00e1 se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 agrolesnictv\u00ed nebo syntropn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ernst G\u00f6tsch je pr\u016fkopn\u00edkem, kter\u00fd tuto metodiku p\u0159ed t\u0159emi desetilet\u00edmi zavedl. Ernst je \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk, kter\u00fd je zn\u00e1m\u00fd t\u00edm, \u017ee idealizoval a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il agrolesnictv\u00ed v severov\u00fdchodn\u00edm st\u00e1t\u011b Bahia v Braz\u00edlii a pozd\u011bji po cel\u00e9 zemi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6tsch se mnoho let zab\u00fdval genetick\u00fdm zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm a \u010dasem si za\u010dal kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zku, zda je skute\u010dn\u011b opodstatn\u011bn\u00e9 geneticky modifikovat rostliny za \u00fa\u010delem p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch a prost\u0159ed\u00edch, jak se to dnes d\u011bje v monokultur\u00e1ch.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00edsto toho se G\u00f6tsch rozhodl zlep\u0161it rostlinnou v\u00fdrobu v bohat\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Ernst p\u0159em\u011bnil jednu degradovanou oblast o rozloze 500 hektar\u016f na produktivn\u00ed tropick\u00fd les v Bahii.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Produkce potravin nen\u00ed jedin\u00fdm zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm agrolesnick\u00e9 metody, je tak\u00e9 velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro obnovu degradovan\u00fdch oblast\u00ed s c\u00edlem vr\u00e1tit p\u016fd\u011b jej\u00ed produk\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tato metoda se vyzna\u010duje organizac\u00ed, integrac\u00ed, rovnov\u00e1hou a zachov\u00e1n\u00edm energie prost\u0159ed\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje fungov\u00e1n\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9mu v p\u0159irozen\u00e9 konfiguraci. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V praxi se rostliny p\u011bstuj\u00ed v lesn\u00edm form\u00e1tu, sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi velikostmi a vlastnostmi vedle sebe. D\u00edky tomuto uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010dne ekosyst\u00e9m \u017e\u00edt a r\u016fst synergicky, sd\u00edlet \u017eiviny, vodu a vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed n\u00e1kazami. V\u00fdsledkem je p\u0159em\u011bna mal\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu ve velk\u00fd les, kde je v\u0161e propojeno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Bez zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f nen\u00ed j\u00eddlo, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 profese nen\u00ed podporov\u00e1na ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch, dokonce ani v rodin\u011b, proto\u017ee je to t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd \u017eivot, p\u016fda p\u0159i zp\u016fsobu zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed rychle degraduje, ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem je to hor\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale na m\u00edst\u011b, kde se situace ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem zlep\u0161uje, vznik\u00e1 jak\u00e1si spir\u00e1la r\u016fstu,\" \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Marsha Hanzi a srovn\u00e1v\u00e1 monokulturu a agrolesnictv\u00ed. Marsha je Severoameri\u010danka, kter\u00e1 \u017eije v brazilsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Mariz\u00e1 v provincii Bahia. Je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za farmu Epicentro.<\/a>, oblast, kterou se sv\u00fdmi spolupracovn\u00edky \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b obnovila pomoc\u00ed agrolesnictv\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 p\u016fda se zm\u011bnila z p\u00eds\u010dit\u00e9 na bohatou a velmi produktivn\u00ed, co\u017e ukazuje, \u017ee zem\u011bd\u011blci a zem\u011bd\u011blci by m\u011bli agrolesnictv\u00ed v\u011bnovat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i monokulturn\u00edm p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k degradaci p\u016fdy a \u00fabytku \u017eivin v pr\u016fb\u011bhu sklizn\u011b, krom\u011b toho se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pesticidy a chemick\u00e1 hnojiva, kter\u00e1 rovn\u011b\u017e ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed kvalitu p\u016fdy, kter\u00e1 je pak v ka\u017ed\u00e9m ro\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed \u0161patn\u00e1 a t\u011b\u017eko se obnovuje.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Na druhou stranu agrolesnictv\u00ed nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pesticidy ani jin\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, co\u017e m\u00e1 opa\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek ne\u017e monokultura, p\u016fda se p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9 nov\u00e9 sklizni nesm\u00edrn\u011b obohacuje d\u00edky dostupnosti zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed organick\u00e9 hmoty - zvy\u0161uje se mno\u017estv\u00ed uhl\u00edku p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho na povrchu p\u016fdy, v rostlin\u00e1ch, a t\u00edm i v \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem vznik\u00e1 kolob\u011bh vody, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje ekosyst\u00e9mu vytv\u00e1\u0159et sob\u011bsta\u010dnou produkci vody, m\u00edsto aby ji pouze spot\u0159ebov\u00e1val. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To v\u0161e zvy\u0161uje biologickou rozmanitost, v p\u016fd\u011b se udr\u017euje v\u00edce \u017eivin, m\u011bn\u00ed se mikroklima a zvy\u0161uje se relativn\u00ed vlhkost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlavn\u00edmi c\u00edli agrolesnictv\u00ed jsou: vytvo\u0159it v\u00edce \u017eivota, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00farodnost p\u016fdy a p\u0159irozen\u011b prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00edmi pozitivn\u00edmi d\u016fvody pro zaveden\u00ed agrolesnictv\u00ed jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na v\u00fdsadbu a \u00fadr\u017ebu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f rodin zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality potravin,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed eroze p\u016fdy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a jak bylo \u0159e\u010deno d\u0159\u00edve,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Obnova znehodnocen\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Henrique Souza, brazilsk\u00fd agrolesn\u00edk, Ernst\u016fv p\u0159\u00edtel, v brazilsk\u00e9 Bahii, je majitelem dal\u0161\u00edho \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edkladu agrolesnick\u00e9 farmy.<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V dokument\u00e1rn\u00edm filmu s n\u00e1zvem Kniha o p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b<\/a> vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee \"syntrofick\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed je opakem entropie, kter\u00e1 \u010dasem vy\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u016fdu a zbavuje ji \u017eivin, a v syntrofick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce na n\u00ed pracujete, rozv\u00edj\u00edte se a vztahujete se k t\u011bmto zdroj\u016fm, tyto zdroje rostou a zv\u011bt\u0161uj\u00ed se ve v\u0161ech ohledech\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je na\u010dase za\u010d\u00edt uplat\u0148ovat alternativn\u00ed zp\u016fsoby \u017eivota, kter\u00e9 na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b ne\u0161kod\u00ed a nezne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed ji. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monokultura nen\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b udr\u017eitelnou variantou produkce, spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 - ani\u017e by vracela - velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u016fdn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 po sob\u011b \u0161patn\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proto agrolesnictv\u00ed obohacuje nejen p\u016fdu, ale i cel\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m, a nav\u00edc pom\u00e1h\u00e1 chud\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed k obnov\u011b a op\u011btovn\u00e9 produktivit\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agrolesnictv\u00ed, tento nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup - metodika inspirovan\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodou - m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm krokem ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f, jako jsou zm\u011bny klimatu, degradace p\u016fdy a transgenn\u00ed plodiny, a m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt pozitivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dopad v celosv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. Ka\u017ed\u00fd den je dnem zm\u011bny. Za\u010dn\u011bme tedy hned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S n\u00e1stroji platformy Mind the Graph m\u016f\u017eete vytvo\u0159it jakoukoli infografiku, kter\u00e1 v\u00e1s napadne. Z v\u011bdc\u016f d\u011bl\u00e1me design\u00e9ry, abychom zv\u00fd\u0161ili jejich dopad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vy, v\u011bdec pracuj\u00edc\u00ed s botanika<\/a>, v\u00fd\u017eiva<\/a>, entomologie<\/a>, nebo v\u011bdy o Zemi<\/a>, platforma m\u00e1 p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 ilustrace, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00edky kr\u00e1sn\u00fdm a p\u0159esn\u00fdm ilustrac\u00edm m\u016f\u017eete zv\u00fd\u0161it p\u016fsobivost sv\u00e9ho dokumentu nebo prezentace a zlep\u0161it svou pr\u00e1ci. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud je\u0161t\u011b nejste u\u017eivatelem, m\u016f\u017eete si spustit bezplatnou zku\u0161ebn\u00ed verzi. pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f<\/a>! P\u0159ipojte se k n\u00e1m v Mind the Graph.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Monokultura je hlavn\u00ed formou, kterou zem\u011bd\u011blci a zem\u011bd\u011blci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k produkci potravin, aby nasytili neust\u00e1le rostouc\u00ed populaci. Tento typ produkce zp\u016fsobil planet\u011b ne jeden, ale hned n\u011bkolik probl\u00e9m\u016f. Ztr\u00e1ta \u017eivin v p\u016fd\u011b, degradace p\u016fdy a lesn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ry jsou jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 z p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f, a to v\u0161e proto, \u017ee po\u010det obyvatel na\u0161\u00ed planety roste.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[66,959,958],"tags":[824,51,825,554],"yoast_head":"\nWhat is Agroforestry and Why It is Better Than Monoculture - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"People often compare agroforestry and monoculture. 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In this blog, we have discussed what is agroforestry and why it is better than monoculture.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/agrolesnictvi-vs-monokultura\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-02-01T12:50:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-05T17:44:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/what-is-agroforestry-and-why-it-is-better-than-monoculture.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1123\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"612\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fabricio Pamplona\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fabricio Pamplona\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"What is Agroforestry and Why It is Better Than Monoculture - MTG","description":"People often compare agroforestry and monoculture. 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. Connect with him on LinkedIn - Fabricio Pamplona.","sameAs":["http:\/\/mindthegraph.com","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/fabriciopamplona"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/author\/fabricio\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12225"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12225"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12225\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26039,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12225\/revisions\/26039"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12230"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12225"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}