Ka\u017ed\u00fd stroj m\u00e1 ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed panel pro ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na mechanismu zap\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a vyp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli jste n\u011bkdy o tom, \u017ee by n\u00e1\u0161 mozek m\u011bl tak\u00e9 takovou funkci, kterou bychom mohli ovl\u00e1dat? <\/p>\n\n\n\n
No, nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum nazna\u010duje, \"objem molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed knofl\u00edk \", kter\u00fd reguluje elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly v mozku v u\u010den\u00ed a zejm\u00e9na s pam\u011bt\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
To by mohl b\u00fdt hlavn\u00ed sp\u00ednac\u00ed mechanismus, kter\u00fd by mohl zm\u011bnit pravidla hry pro nervov\u00e9 poruchy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00fdzkum publikovan\u00fd Michaelem Hoppou a jeho t\u00fdmem nazna\u010duje, jak by regulace elektrick\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f mohla hr\u00e1t v\u00fdznamnou roli. Studie se to\u010dila kolem identifikace molekul, kter\u00e9 sign\u00e1l reguluj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
MY\u0160LENKA V\u00ddZKUMU<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Synapse jsou m\u00edsta, kde se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly mezi nervov\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tyto elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly jsou v mozku p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bny na chemick\u00e9 neurotransmitery, kter\u00e9 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed synaptick\u00fdmi mezerami. T\u00fdm popsal, jak tvary elektrick\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f prosp\u00edvaj\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed synaps\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neurony, kter\u00e9 jsou aktivov\u00e1ny b\u011bhem neurotransmise, maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 vzorce. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tyto zm\u011bny tvar\u016f a po\u010dtu vedou k pos\u00edlen\u00ed nebo oslaben\u00ed synaps\u00ed (zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako synaptick\u00e1 plasticita ). <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kdy\u017e si mozkov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky na obou konc\u00edch synapse nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b vym\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed chemick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k dlouhodob\u00e9 potenciaci (LTP). <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tato LTP zlep\u0161uje signalizaci mezi bu\u0148kami a synapsemi a tak\u00e9 vede k pos\u00edlen\u00ed synaps\u00ed. Tato LTP je z\u00e1kladem u\u010den\u00ed a vzpom\u00ednek v mozku v m\u00edst\u011b zvan\u00e9m hipokampus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u011bdci se ve sv\u00e9 studii zam\u011b\u0159ili na oblast hipokampu v mozku. Zjistili, \u017ee sign\u00e1ly p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 p\u0159es synapse v t\u00e9to oblasti jsou analogick\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fdm zjistil, \u017ee elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly nebo \"hroty\" jsou dod\u00e1v\u00e1ny ve form\u011b analogov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f, nikoliv digit\u00e1ln\u00edch sign\u00e1l\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tento objev jim otev\u0159el cestu k jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed mechanismu. Tyto analogov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly usnadnily regulaci s\u00edly mozkov\u00e9ho obvodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Byla tak\u00e9 nalezena molekula reguluj\u00edc\u00ed tyto elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly. Molekula Kv\u03b21 roz\u0161i\u0159ovala presynaptick\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tato molekula nejen reguluje drasl\u00edkov\u00fd proud, ale tak\u00e9 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159i p\u0159edchoz\u00edm pokusu vylou\u010dili u my\u0161\u00ed molekulu Kv\u03b21. Z\u00e1hy v\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zaly opa\u010dnou reakci, do\u0161lo k drastick\u00e9mu ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed sp\u00e1nku a pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9ho cyklu my\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
To potvrdilo pozitivn\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed molekuly v syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Krom\u011b toho jejich v\u00fdzkum odhalil, jak m\u016f\u017ee jedin\u00fd elektrick\u00fd impuls p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et v\u00edce bit\u016f informace, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje lep\u0161\u00ed kontrolu nad n\u00edzkofrekven\u010dn\u00edmi sign\u00e1ly. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee n\u00e1\u0161 mozek je mnohem v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e si dok\u00e1\u017eeme p\u0159edstavit. Technicky n\u00e1\u0161 mozek prov\u00e1d\u00ed superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 \u00falohy p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 signalizaci. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jejich v\u00fdzkum umo\u017enil m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a neurotransmiter\u016f pomoc\u00ed sv\u011btla, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sledn\u011b m\u011b\u0159ilo elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly v m\u00edstech synaptick\u00fdch spojen\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00edm se zm\u011bnila perspektiva a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il se z\u00e1b\u011br v\u00fdzkumu v oblasti molekul\u00e1rn\u00edch regul\u00e1tor\u016f, kter\u00e9 hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v mozkov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tento objev umo\u017e\u0148uje zcela novou cestu pro farmaceutick\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky. To by mohlo v\u00e9st k objev\u016fm nov\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b demence nebo Alzheimerovy choroby. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed regul\u00e1tory by mohly b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dem k vyu\u017eit\u00ed kompletn\u00ed kapacity mozku. Mnoho neurologick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed by mohlo b\u00fdt vyl\u00e9\u010deno, pokud se najde spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 cesta mozkov\u00e9ho metabolismu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, u\u010den\u00ed nikdy nevy\u010derp\u00e1 mysl, je to s\u00edla, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit sv\u011bt. Tento objev bezpochyby vede k \u00fapln\u011b nov\u00e9 \u00farovni u\u010den\u00ed a s\u00edle udr\u017eet si ji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chcete-li se dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o jejich v\u00fdzkumu , pod\u00edvejte se na n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00fd odkaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Odkaz :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In Ha Cho, Lauren C. Panzera, Morven Chin, Scott A. Alpizar, Genaro E. Olveda, Robert A. Hill, Michael B. Hoppa. Podjednotka drasl\u00edkov\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu Kv\u03b21 slou\u017e\u00ed jako hlavn\u00ed kontroln\u00ed bod synaptick\u00e9 facilitace. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2020; 202000790<\/p>\n\n\n\n
DOI: 10.1073\/pnas.2000790117<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ka\u017ed\u00fd stroj m\u00e1 ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed panel pro ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na mechanismu zap\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a vyp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli jste n\u011bkdy o tom, \u017ee i n\u00e1\u0161 mozek m\u00e1 takov\u00fd panel, kter\u00fdm lze ovl\u00e1dat jeho funkce? Nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum nazna\u010duje, \u017ee existuje \"molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed knofl\u00edk hlasitosti\", kter\u00fd reguluje elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly v mozku p\u0159i u\u010den\u00ed a zejm\u00e9na [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12176,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[54,245,554],"yoast_head":"\n