U\u017e nen\u00ed nic divn\u00e9ho, kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee maj\u00ed doma nebo v telefonu p\u0159ipojen\u00ed 5G, co\u017e obvykle znamen\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rychlost internetu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159\u00edslibem p\u0159ipojen\u00ed 5G v\u0161ak nen\u00ed jen toto, ale tak\u00e9 obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nov\u00fdch produkt\u016f a slu\u017eeb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
V okam\u017eiku, kdy za\u010dneme vyu\u017e\u00edvat v\u0161e, co 5G nab\u00edz\u00ed, se n\u00e1\u0161 zp\u016fsob \u017eivota zcela jist\u011b zm\u011bn\u00ed. Rozum\u00edte v\u0161ak pln\u011b t\u00e9to technologii? <\/p>\n\n\n\n
S pochopen\u00edm fungov\u00e1n\u00ed technologie 5G n\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee odborn\u00edk William Villota, doktorand po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch v\u011bd na univerzit\u011b v brazilsk\u00e9m Campinas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5G je n\u00e1zev pro p\u00e1t\u00e1 generace<\/strong> mobiln\u00edch telekomunikac\u00ed. P\u0159edch\u016fdce 1G, 2G, 3G a 4G jsme ji\u017e za\u017eili a dal\u0161\u00ed v \u0159ad\u011b, nov\u00e9 nastupuj\u00edc\u00ed trendy, budeme za\u017e\u00edvat i nad\u00e1le.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pod\u00edvejme se na minul\u00e9 generace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prvn\u00ed generace (1G) mobiln\u00edch telekomunikac\u00ed, zaveden\u00e1 v 80. letech, umo\u017e\u0148ovala vol\u00e1n\u00ed mezi mobiln\u00edmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi a tak\u00e9 slu\u017eby hlasov\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pozd\u011bji, v roce 1991, 2G, za\u010dal slu\u017eby textov\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v a roamingu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3G v roce 1998 p\u0159ineslo u\u017eivatel\u016fm mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edvat internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V roce 2008 p\u0159ibyly hern\u00ed slu\u017eby 4G, mobiln\u00ed televize s vysok\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm, videohovory a 3D televize.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V roce 2009 byla kone\u010dn\u011b spu\u0161t\u011bna technologie 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE), kter\u00e1 zdvojn\u00e1sobila rychlost p\u0159enosu dat ji\u017e tak rychl\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b 4G.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ka\u017ed\u00e1 nov\u00e1 generace se vyzna\u010duje zaveden\u00edm nov\u00e9 funkce do p\u0159edchoz\u00edho stavu, p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm nov\u00fdch mobiln\u00edch slu\u017eeb nebo vylep\u0161en\u00edm st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5G je v\u00edc ne\u017e jen rychlej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k internetu v mobiln\u00edm telefonu. Poskytne p\u0159ipojen\u00ed pro mnohem v\u00edce za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ne\u017e jsou mobiln\u00ed telefony. 5G slibuje splnit zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed po\u017eadavky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rychlost p\u0159enosu dat a\u017e 10 Gb\/s.<\/strong> Jedn\u00e1 se o desetkr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159enos informac\u00ed, ne\u017e je teoretick\u00e1 \u0161pi\u010dka 4G LTE. To by sta\u010dilo na stahov\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00fdch film\u016f v \u0159\u00e1du sekund.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zp\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed latence 1 milivte\u0159ina.<\/strong> To p\u0159edstavuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 desetin\u00e1sobn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed latence ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s 4G. Latence je doba, za kterou se data ode\u0161lou a vr\u00e1t\u00ed ze zdrojov\u00e9ho m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed - v 5G to bude trvat pouze 1 milisekundu. Jin\u00fdmi slovy je to v podstat\u011b doba, za kterou mobiln\u00ed telefon po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 server o informaci a dostane odpov\u011b\u010f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vysok\u00e1 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka p\u00e1sma na jednotku plochy.<\/strong> V p\u0159edchoz\u00edch generac\u00edch platilo, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm bl\u00ed\u017ee jste byli zdroji, t\u00edm lep\u0161\u00ed a rychlej\u0161\u00ed byla odezva. V 5G v\u0161ak nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, kde se u\u017eivatel nach\u00e1z\u00ed, jeho \u010d\u00e1st sign\u00e1lu je zaru\u010dena. 5G bude oproti 4G pracovat s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem men\u0161\u00edch ant\u00e9n, co\u017e umo\u017en\u00ed p\u0159ipojit je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159kou p\u00e1sma po del\u0161\u00ed dobu bez ohledu na polohu u\u017eivatele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A\u017e 100n\u00e1sobn\u00fd po\u010det p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na jednotku plochy<\/strong> ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s 4G LTE. Do roku 2023 odborn\u00edci o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed 20 miliard za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed internetu v\u011bc\u00ed (IoT).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 99.999% dostupnost<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee slu\u017eba je neust\u00e1le k dispozici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 100% pokryt\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 90% sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed spot\u0159eby energie v s\u00edti.<\/strong> 5G tak\u00e9 povede ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 \u017eivotnosti bateri\u00ed a\u017e na 10 let u za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Obecn\u00fdm c\u00edlem je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it vyu\u017eit\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u00e9ho spektra, zv\u011bt\u0161it rozsah vlnov\u00fdch d\u00e9lek a umo\u017enit velk\u00e9mu po\u010dtu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k internetu a p\u0159\u00edstup ke specializovan\u00fdm slu\u017eb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u0159esto\u017ee se r\u00e1diov\u00e9 vlny vyzna\u010duj\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00fdmi vlnami, maj\u00ed vysokou rychlost p\u0159enosu dat v \u010dase. Mobiln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b maj\u00ed dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, a to R\u00e1diov\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 (RAN)<\/strong> a Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n RAN se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z n\u011bkolika uzl\u016f (ant\u00e9n), kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm p\u0159\u00edstup k j\u00e1dru. J\u00e1dro je \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm prvkem s\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00fd poskytuje slu\u017eby u\u017eivatel\u016fm. Umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdm\u011bnu informac\u00ed mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi d\u00edl\u010d\u00edmi s\u00edt\u011bmi nebo m\u00edstn\u00edmi s\u00edt\u011bmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5G RAN poskytuje inovativn\u00ed funkci p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edch r\u00e1diov\u00fdch vln ke st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k p\u0159enosu dat. Nav\u00edc poskytuje nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se tak\u00e9, \u017ee sign\u00e1l 5G RAN bude ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi ant\u00e9nami tvo\u0159en men\u0161\u00edmi ant\u00e9nami, kter\u00e9 budou um\u00edst\u011bny mnohem bl\u00ed\u017ee k u\u017eivateli. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 5G je navr\u017eena tak, aby spl\u0148ovala po\u017eadavky na vysok\u00e9 standardy, a to d\u00edky zohledn\u011bn\u00ed distribuovan\u00fdch server\u016f v s\u00edti, aby bylo dosa\u017eeno pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch latenc\u00ed,\" \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Villota o zm\u011bn\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 5G p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00e1vrh Villotovy magistersk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce se t\u00fdkal zaveden\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpustnosti pro \u017e\u00e1dosti o s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd pl\u00e1tek (NSLR) v 5G pomoc\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed s posilov\u00e1n\u00edm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Network Slicing je technologie, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje provozovat v\u00edce izolovan\u00fdch virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed (tzv. Network Slices) sd\u00edlej\u00edc\u00edch stejnou fyzickou s\u00ed\u0165ovou infrastrukturu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ka\u017ed\u00fd s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd pl\u00e1tek je vytvo\u0159en na vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a je p\u0159izp\u016fsoben r\u016fzn\u00fdm po\u017eadavk\u016fm slu\u017eeb 5G. <\/p>\n\n\n\n O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee poskytovatel\u00e9 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f (NSP) obdr\u017e\u00ed n\u011bkolik \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f od v\u00edce n\u00e1jemc\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n K p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 technika strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed (Reinforcement Learning), kter\u00e1 optimalizuje vyu\u017eit\u00ed zdroj\u016f a zisk NSP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n J\u00e1dro 5G nav\u00edc vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 virtualiza\u010dn\u00ed technologie, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed slu\u017eby p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 specifick\u00fdm po\u017eadavk\u016fm jednotliv\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch nebo obchodn\u00edch segment\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 zdroje bude mo\u017en\u00e9 snadn\u011bji spravovat a poskytovat u\u017eivatel\u016fm a podnik\u016fm zdroje, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f toho, co technologie 5G u\u017eivatel\u016fm poskytne:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 realita<\/strong>. N\u00edzk\u00e1 latence 5G umo\u017e\u0148uje vylep\u0161it simulovan\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky, jako jsou hry vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed br\u00fdle pro virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed realitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Hmatov\u00fd internet.<\/strong> Jedn\u00e1 se o manipulaci s p\u0159edm\u011bty dotykem. Interakce mezi \u010dlov\u011bkem a strojem by m\u011bla prob\u00edhat v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase, s velmi n\u00edzkou latenc\u00ed a extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysokou dostupnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – P\u0159ipojen\u00ed mezi stroji<\/strong>. M2M je v\u00fdm\u011bna dat mezi stroji s omezen\u00fdm nebo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm z\u00e1sahem \u010dlov\u011bka. To umo\u017e\u0148uje syst\u00e9m\u016fm, aby se samy monitorovaly a odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem reagovaly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Autonomn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/strong> Vozidla budou moci komunikovat s dal\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159ipojen\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi a dos\u00e1hnout efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed j\u00edzdy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kdy bude tato \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 technologie dostupn\u00e1 u m\u011b doma?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prvn\u00ed slu\u017eby za\u010daly b\u00fdt dostupn\u00e9 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch v roce 2019. Celosv\u011btov\u00e1 dostupnost se v\u0161ak o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 do roku 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00a0Mobiln\u00ed komunikace se budou d\u00e1le vyv\u00edjet a v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku se p\u0159izp\u016fsob\u00edme \u010dast\u00fdm vylep\u0161en\u00edm. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci ji\u017e hovo\u0159\u00ed o vlastnostech n\u00e1stupce 5G, 6G.<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Technologie se zrychluje, i kdy\u017e je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 p\u0159ijmout my\u0161lenku 6G, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci ji\u017e zm\u00ednili 7G. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bude v\u0161ak trvat Odkaz:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Agiwal, M., Roy, A., & Saxena, N. (2016). Bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b nov\u00e9 generace 5G: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials<\/em>, 18<\/em>(3), 1617-1655.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ____<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jak\u00e9 jsou va\u0161e dosavadn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti s Mind the Graph? Dejte n\u00e1m v\u011bd\u011bt sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor, je pro n\u00e1s d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 va\u0161e zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba, abychom mohli platformu pro v\u00e1s a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch vylep\u0161it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Klikn\u011bte zde<\/a> zanechat n\u00e1m recenzi a zde<\/a> a za\u010dn\u011bte vytv\u00e1\u0159et sv\u00e9 denn\u00ed v\u00fdtvory! <\/p>\n\n\n\n Pokud jste tu nov\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete se pod\u00edvat na na\u0161e ilustrace<\/a> a \u0161ablony<\/a> k dispozici pro v\u0161echny u\u017eivatele Mind the Graph.\u00a0 U\u017e nen\u00ed nic divn\u00e9ho, kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee maj\u00ed doma nebo v telefonu p\u0159ipojen\u00ed 5G, co\u017e obvykle znamen\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rychlost internetu. Ale nejen to je p\u0159\u00edslibem p\u0159ipojen\u00ed 5G, pat\u0159\u00ed sem i obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nov\u00fdch produkt\u016f a slu\u017eeb. Je jist\u00e9, \u017ee v okam\u017eiku, kdy se [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12152,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959],"tags":[880,822,554,250,964,775],"yoast_head":"\na<\/s> \u010das, abyste se tam dostali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed obsah si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Blog Mind the Graph<\/a>, a c\u00edtit se inspirov\u00e1n ve\u0161ker\u00fdm v\u011bdeck\u00fdm obsahem!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"