{"id":11872,"date":"2020-11-09T10:13:29","date_gmt":"2020-11-09T12:13:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11872"},"modified":"2022-11-24T12:07:01","modified_gmt":"2022-11-24T15:07:01","slug":"water-in-the-moon-the-infrared-explanation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/voda-na-mesici-vysvetleni\/","title":{"rendered":"Voda na M\u011bs\u00edci (nesta\u010d\u00ed na baz\u00e9n) - infra\u010derven\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dob\u0159e, dob\u0159e, mo\u017en\u00e1 jsem to na obr\u00e1zku v\u00fd\u0161e trochu p\u0159ehnal - obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vody, ryb, lod\u00ed a plavc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se bav\u00ed v m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed \u0159ece. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cht\u011bl jsem jen \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee 26. \u0159\u00edjna 2020 zve\u0159ejnil \u010dasopis Nature Astronomy studii, kter\u00e1 potvrzuje, \u017ee na M\u011bs\u00edci byla objevena voda. Ve skute\u010dnosti ne\u0161lo o \u017e\u00e1dnou vodu, ale o vodu molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed - jej\u00ed nejmen\u0161\u00ed jednotku. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Studie potvrzuje, \u017ee 31. srpna 2018 byla v n\u011bkter\u00fdch kr\u00e1terech M\u011bs\u00edce detekov\u00e1na voda pomoc\u00ed infra\u010derven\u00e9 kamery FORCAST p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 k teleskopu SOFIA. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kamera detekovala siln\u00fd 6\u00b5m emisn\u00ed p\u00e1s, kter\u00fd byl porovn\u00e1n s jin\u00fdmi studiemi a s liter\u00e1rn\u00edmi hodnotami, co\u017e potvrdilo platnost dat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jednoduch\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed infra\u010derven\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee zahrnuje \u0161irok\u00fd rozsah elektromagnetick\u00e9ho spektra od 14 000 do 10 cm-1, co\u017e je v podstat\u011b m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed energie a jej\u00ed interakce s hmotou. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tato interakce m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pohlcuj\u00edc\u00ed, vyza\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed nebo odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed<\/strong> ur\u010ditou \u00farove\u0148 energie. T\u00edmto m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm lze identifikovat nejen nezn\u00e1mou molekulu, ale tak\u00e9 jej\u00ed vlastnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Siln\u00fd emisn\u00ed p\u00e1s 6 \u03bcm detekovan\u00fd syst\u00e9mem FORCAST poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze specifick\u00e9 oblasti infra\u010derven\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma, st\u0159edn\u00ed infra\u010derven\u00e9 oblasti, od 4000 do 400 cm-1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tato \u010d\u00e1st se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a anal\u00fdze z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vibrace<\/strong> spojen\u00e9 s molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed strukturou. Lze analyzovat l\u00e1tky v jak\u00e9koli form\u011b - pevn\u00e9, kapaln\u00e9 nebo plynn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeliko\u017e se vibrace takov\u00fdch molekul hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ke studiu molekulov\u00fdch struktur, je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee i jedin\u00e1 molekula m\u016f\u017ee absorbovat, vyza\u0159ovat nebo odr\u00e1\u017eet energii v ur\u010dit\u00e9 frekvenci, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 specifick\u00fdm strukturn\u00edm charakteristik\u00e1m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K tomu doch\u00e1z\u00ed proto, \u017ee molekuly nejsou statick\u00e9 objekty, jejich chemick\u00e9 vazby mezi atomy jsou v neust\u00e1l\u00e9m pohybu, jsou dynamick\u00e9 a interaguj\u00ed s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi hladinami energie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad molekula vody m\u016f\u017ee vibrovat t\u0159emi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. Dva z nich jsou prodlou\u017een\u00ed a rozta\u017een\u00ed vazby kysl\u00edk-vod\u00edk a dal\u0161\u00ed je \u00fahlov\u00e1 deformace. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dob\u0159e, te\u010f to vezm\u011bme zlehka: molekula vody m\u00e1 dv\u011b vazby, \u017ee? Ano. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tyto dv\u011b vazby se mohou pohybovat symetricky, tedy sou\u010dasn\u011b nahoru i dol\u016f, a asymetricky, kdy jedna vazba je naho\u0159e, zat\u00edmco druh\u00e1 dole. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tyto dva typy vibrac\u00ed jsou symetrick\u00fd \u00fasek<\/a> a asymetrick\u00fd \u00fasek<\/a>. T\u0159et\u00ed vibrace nen\u00ed pohyb nahoru nebo dol\u016f, je to sp\u00ed\u0161e \u00fahlov\u00fd pohyb, jako houpa\u010dka, tzv. symetrick\u00e1 deformace<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"symetrick\u00fd<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Pokud si chcete prohl\u00e9dnout gify pro lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o tom, jakou vibraci dan\u00e1 molekula m\u00e1, m\u016f\u017eete se na to pod\u00edvat kliknut\u00edm na jej\u00ed n\u00e1zev v\u00fd\u0161e v textu.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyn\u00ed se vra\u0165me k \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Siln\u00e9 emisn\u00ed p\u00e1smo 6 \u00b5m bylo pozorov\u00e1no ve specifick\u00e9 oblasti M\u011bs\u00edce, v kr\u00e1teru Clavius a okoln\u00edm ter\u00e9nu nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm se ve vysok\u00fdch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aby se v\u011bdci ujistili, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u011b pozoruj\u00ed infra\u010derven\u00e9 p\u00e1smo H2O, pou\u017eili p\u0159edchoz\u00ed \u00fadaje o materi\u00e1lech obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch vodu, aby potvrdili vlastnosti m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho p\u00e1sma; prozkoumali tak\u00e9 existuj\u00edc\u00ed materi\u00e1l planety, aby vid\u011bli p\u00e1smo 6 \u00b5m H2O a porovnali ho s detekovan\u00fdm p\u00e1smem. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto srovn\u00e1n\u00ed potvrdili, \u017ee p\u00e1s poch\u00e1z\u00ed z molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento p\u00e1s v\u0161ak nebyl jedin\u00fdm, kter\u00fd byl na povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce detekov\u00e1n. Byl detekov\u00e1n dal\u0161\u00ed 3\u00b5m absorp\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1s, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee znamenat dal\u0161\u00ed vodu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento druh\u00fd p\u00e1s se nach\u00e1zel v bl\u00edzkosti rovn\u00edku M\u011bs\u00edce, na jin\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b ne\u017e prvn\u00ed p\u00e1s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zd\u00e1 se tedy, \u017ee v \u00fadaj\u00edch shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch v\u011bdci se m\u00edsto hodn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na rozd\u00edl od 6\u00b5m p\u00e1su, kter\u00fd je pro molekulu vody velmi charakteristick\u00fd, p\u0159edstavuje tento 3\u00b5m p\u00e1s jednu molekulu, kter\u00e1 by ji mohla p\u0159em\u011bnit na vodu, a to hydroxyl (O-H). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee voda m\u016f\u017ee vznikat tak\u00e9 chemickou p\u0159em\u011bnou z hydroxylu na vodu na povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 se pt\u00e1te: \"Jak je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee je na povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce voda?\" Nebo dokonce \"odkud se voda vzala?\". No, v \u010dl\u00e1nku maj\u00ed teorii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Existuje n\u011bkolik mechanism\u016f vzniku vody v m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b, kter\u00e9 jsou relevantn\u00ed pro na\u0161e data,\" uv\u00e1d\u00ed se v \u010dl\u00e1nku a tak\u00e9: \"Voda p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 v m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed exosf\u00e9\u0159e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt chemizov\u00e1na na povrchu zrn. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Voda m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vnesena mikrometeority bohat\u00fdmi na t\u011bkav\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a \u010d\u00e1st t\u00e9to vody m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zadr\u017eena ve sklech vznikl\u00fdch p\u0159i t\u011bchto dopadech nebo vnesena do exosf\u00e9ry a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt k dispozici pro chemisorpci.\"(HONNIBALL a kol., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jin\u00fdmi slovy, voda m\u016f\u017ee poch\u00e1zet z mikrometeorit\u016f, a kdy\u017e se rozdrt\u00ed na povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce, molekuly se zachyt\u00ed v n\u011b\u010dem, co v\u011bdci naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed skla a zrnit\u00e9 povrchy.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z v\u00fdsledk\u016f publikovan\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku tedy vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee existuje mechanismus, kter\u00fd vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vodu na povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce n\u00e1razem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale bohu\u017eel, pokrok tohoto procesu je velmi mal\u00fd a mo\u017en\u00e1 se nikdy nedo\u010dk\u00e1me plaveck\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f na M\u011bs\u00edci. Omlouv\u00e1me se lidem, mus\u00edme se spokojit s na\u0161imi b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi baz\u00e9ny, pl\u00e1\u017eemi, \u0159ekami a oce\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud si chcete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst cel\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek a z\u00edskat v\u00edce informac\u00ed, zde je:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HONNIBALL, C. I. et al. Molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed voda detekovan\u00e1 na M\u011bs\u00edci osv\u011btlen\u00e9m Sluncem pomoc\u00ed sondy SOFIA. P\u0159\u00edroda Astronomie<\/strong>, s. 1-7, 26 stran. 2020.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud si te\u010f chcete ud\u011blat par\u00e1dn\u00ed obr\u00e1zek, jako jste vid\u011bli zde, m\u016f\u017eete zkusit Mind the Graph! Mind the Graph je platforma, kter\u00e1 v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed prezentovat v\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd projekt, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed obsah vizu\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a atraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, zkuste Mind the Graph! Klikn\u011bte na zde<\/a> abyste ji mohli za\u010d\u00edt pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A pokud jste chemik jako j\u00e1, m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt. Chemick\u00e1 galerie<\/a> ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci, u\u017e \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 utrpen\u00ed p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed molekul, m\u016f\u017eete zde m\u00edt kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 molekuly a struktury. Pod\u00edvejte se na Mind the Graph<\/a>. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dob\u0159e, dob\u0159e, mo\u017en\u00e1 jsem to na obr\u00e1zku v\u00fd\u0161e trochu p\u0159ehnal - obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vody, ryb, lod\u00ed a plavc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se bav\u00ed v m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed \u0159ece. Ale sna\u017eil jsem se jen \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee 26. \u0159\u00edjna 2020 zve\u0159ejnil \u010dasopis Nature Astronomy studii, kter\u00e1 potvrzuje, \u017ee se poda\u0159ilo detekovat [...].<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11878,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nWater in the Moon \u2013 The Infrared Explanation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists have found water particles in the moon. 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Read this blog post to know what they found on the surface of the moon.","og_url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/voda-na-mesici-vysvetleni\/","og_site_name":"Mind the Graph Blog","article_published_time":"2020-11-09T12:13:29+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-11-24T15:07:01+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1110,"height":600,"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/water-in-the-moon.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Fabricio Pamplona","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Fabricio Pamplona","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/water-in-the-moon-the-infrared-explanation\/","url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/water-in-the-moon-the-infrared-explanation\/","name":"Water in the Moon \u2013 The Infrared Explanation","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#website"},"datePublished":"2020-11-09T12:13:29+00:00","dateModified":"2022-11-24T15:07:01+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c8eaee6d8007ac319523c3ddc98cedd3"},"description":"Scientists have found water particles in the moon. 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. Connect with him on LinkedIn - Fabricio Pamplona.","sameAs":["http:\/\/mindthegraph.com","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/fabriciopamplona"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/author\/fabricio\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11872"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11872"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11872\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25555,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11872\/revisions\/25555"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11878"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}