{"id":11803,"date":"2020-10-28T09:30:35","date_gmt":"2020-10-28T11:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11803"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:09:32","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:09:32","slug":"rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus\/","title":{"rendered":"Test RT-PCR na koronavirus"},"content":{"rendered":"

Z mnoha v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jste sly\u0161eli o COVID-19 v roce 2020, je uprost\u0159ed toho v\u0161eho jedna v\u011bc, a to test pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd ke zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, zda je n\u011bkdo naka\u017een virem, slavn\u00fd test RT-PCR nebo pouze PCR.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jist\u011b jste o tomto testu ji\u017e n\u011bkdy sly\u0161eli, a\u0165 u\u017e od l\u00e9ka\u0159e nebo ve zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch. PCR test slou\u017e\u00ed ke zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti (\u010di nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti) viru v t\u011ble \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/span><\/p>\n

Test RT-PCR nen\u00ed jedin\u00fd, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee virus odhalit, ale ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi metodami je nejp\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00edm testem je konven\u010dn\u00ed s\u00e9rologick\u00fd test, kter\u00fd zji\u0161\u0165uje specifick\u00e9 hladiny protil\u00e1tek ve vzorc\u00edch krve.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00edsmena v RT-PCR znamenaj\u00ed <\/span>Reverzn\u00ed transkrip\u010dn\u00ed polymer\u00e1zov\u00e1 \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e1 reakce<\/b>, v\u011bdci ji ji\u017e des\u00edtky let pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k v\u00fdrob\u011b v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00fdch kopi\u00ed genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jin\u00fdmi slovy, v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je v\u00edce genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu SARS-CoV-2, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako otisk prstu k prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti viru ve vzorc\u00edch z nosu, u\u0161\u00ed nebo slin odebran\u00fdch pacient\u016fm. Pokud jsou ve vzorku ukryty n\u011bjak\u00e9 viry i v mal\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed, bude schopen je odhalit d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu kop\u00edrovac\u00edmu cyklu. Proto je test RT-PCR tak spolehliv\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Test<\/b> je metoda, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 v podstat\u011b dva kroky uvnit\u0159 teplotn\u00edho cyklu, kter\u00fd prov\u00e1d\u00ed kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed a vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, a\u0165 u\u017e DNA nebo RNA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Test vy\u017eaduje <\/span>termocykl\u00e9r<\/b> kter\u00fd m\u00e1 p\u0159esn\u00fd <\/span>\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed teploty a \u010dasu<\/b>. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u011bkolika teplotn\u00edch cykl\u016f dojde k n\u00e1r\u016fstu virov\u00e9ho genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. P\u0159\u00edklad teplotn\u00edho cyklu je uveden d\u00e1le.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Metoda vy\u017eaduje dva hlavn\u00ed enzymy, reverzn\u00ed transkript\u00e1zu (proto \"RT\" v n\u00e1zvu) a DNA-polymer\u00e1zu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich m\u00e1 ur\u010ditou f\u00e1zi \u00fa\u010dinku a funkci. Na obr\u00e1zku v\u00fd\u0161e je \u017elut\u00e1 f\u00e1ze cyklu, kdy p\u016fsob\u00ed RT, a \u010derven\u00e1 f\u00e1ze, kdy DNA-polymer\u00e1za vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 svou pr\u00e1ci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed enzym vytvo\u0159\u00ed komplement\u00e1rn\u00ed vl\u00e1kno DNA z RNA viru, co\u017e umo\u017en\u00ed druh\u00e9mu enzymu prov\u00e9st kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed z nov\u00e9ho, pr\u00e1v\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna DNA, a t\u00edm zv\u00fd\u0161it mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. Tato amplifikace umo\u017e\u0148uje charakterizovat a\/nebo manipulovat s genetick\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem, kdy\u017e v men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed by to nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Aby v\u0161echny tyto procesy prob\u011bhly, pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed enzymy pomoc mal\u00e9 (nebo velk\u00e9) molekuly zvan\u00e9 PRIMER. Funkc\u00ed primeru je ozna\u010dit m\u00edsto, kde m\u00e1 enzym za\u010d\u00edt prodlu\u017eovat vl\u00e1kna, bez n\u011bj proces kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed a vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed DNA-polymer\u00e1zy neza\u010dne.<\/span><\/p>\n

Primer lze zvolit n\u00e1hodn\u00fd nebo specifick\u00fd tvar. V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zn\u00e1t genetickou mapu v\u00edru, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt specifick\u00e9 primery a zv\u00fd\u0161it tak \u00fa\u010dinnost a spolehlivost v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud jste stejn\u011b jako my zv\u011bdav\u00ed a chcete se dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce podrobnost\u00ed o RT-PCR, m\u016f\u017eete se pod\u00edvat na dal\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti.\u00a0<\/span> tento v\u011bdeck\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek <\/span>p\u0159\u00edmo zde<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 ale v podstat\u011b je zde v\u0161e, co je pot\u0159eba k proveden\u00ed testu:<\/span><\/p>\n

Virov\u00fd genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, RNA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Enzymy reverzn\u00ed transkript\u00e1zy a DNA-polymer\u00e1zy<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

PRIMERS<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Nukleosidtrifosf\u00e1ty<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

A fluorescen\u010dn\u00ed report\u00e9rov\u00e1 barviva:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f vzorku, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee nebo nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt kontaminov\u00e1n virem COVID-19, se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 test s fluorescen\u010dn\u00edmi report\u00e9rov\u00fdmi barvivy v kombinaci s testem RT-PCR. Test je zalo\u017een na p\u0159\u00edtomnosti \u010di nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti fluorescen\u010dn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu vzorku. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti sign\u00e1lu lze test uzav\u0159\u00edt jako negativn\u00ed nebo fale\u0161n\u011b negativn\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomnosti intenzivn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu lze test uzav\u0159\u00edt nejen jako pozitivn\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edtomnost v\u00edrusu, ale tak\u00e9 jako pokro\u010dil\u00e9 stadium onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sm\u00edchejte v\u0161echny ingredience a vlo\u017ete je do termocyklu.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed krok testu je zobrazen v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed infografice. Enzym RT vytvo\u0159\u00ed prvn\u00ed kopii genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu viru p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho ve vzorku. N\u00e1sleduje druh\u00fd krok metody RT-PCR. Primer ozna\u010d\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed pozici a DNA-polymer\u00e1za prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm enzymatick\u00e9 reakce za\u010dne prodlu\u017eovat vl\u00e1kna DNA.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Test<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Na tomto obr\u00e1zku je kone\u010dn\u011b elektronov\u00fd mikrografick\u00fd sn\u00edmek viru SARS-CoV-2, na kter\u00e9m je dokonale vid\u011bt struktura viru. Nen\u00ed to n\u00e1dhera?\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Test je slo\u017eit\u00fd a nen\u00ed tak jednoduch\u00fd, jak se zd\u00e1, ale vsad\u00edm se, \u017ee s infografikou bylo mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed pochopit celkov\u00fd obraz toho, jak to funguje, \u017ee?<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017eete to ud\u011blat s jak\u00fdmikoli v\u011bdeck\u00fdmi informacemi, kter\u00e9 chcete pou\u017e\u00edt.\u00a0<\/span> Mind the Graph<\/span><\/a>. Tato platforma je tu proto, aby v\u00e1m poskytla autonomii a umo\u017enila l\u00e9pe komunikovat v\u011bdeck\u00e9 informace. Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o tom, jak platformu pou\u017e\u00edvat, a pokud pot\u0159ebujete pomoc, kontaktujte n\u00e1s.<\/span>!<\/b><\/p>\n

Odkaz<\/b><\/p>\n

AI, T. et al. Korelace CT hrudn\u00edku a RT-PCR testov\u00e1n\u00ed na koronavirovou nemoc 2019 (COVID-19) v \u010c\u00edn\u011b: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology, v. 296, \u010d. 2, s. E32-E40, 26. \u00fanora 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

GIBELLINI, D. a kol. Kvantitativn\u00ed detekce virov\u00e9 n\u00e1lo\u017ee viru lidsk\u00e9 imunodeficience typu 1 (HIV-1) pomoc\u00ed techniky SYBR green RT-PCR v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase u HIV-1 s\u00e9ropozitivn\u00edch pacient\u016f. Journal of Virological Methods, v. 115, \u010d. 2, s. 183-189, 1. \u00fanora 2004.<\/span><\/p>\n

JAMES, D. Jednoduch\u00fd a spolehliv\u00fd protokol pro detekci viru r\u00fdhov\u00e1n\u00ed stonk\u016f jablon\u00ed pomoc\u00ed RT-PCR a v multiplexn\u00edm PCR testu. Journal of Virological Methods, v. 83, \u010d. 1, s. 1-9, 1 dez. 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n

LI, Y. et al. Probl\u00e9my se stabilitou RT-PCR testov\u00e1n\u00ed SARS-CoV-2 u hospitalizovan\u00fdch pacient\u016f s klinickou diagn\u00f3zou COVID-19. Journal of Medical Virology, v. 92, \u010d. 7, s. 903-908, 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

LIAO, C.-S. a kol. Miniaturn\u00ed syst\u00e9m RT-PCR pro diagnostiku vir\u016f na b\u00e1zi RNA. Nucleic Acids Research, v. 33, \u010d. 18, s. e156-e156, 1 out. 2005.<\/span><\/p>\n

MOHAN, A. et al. Prevalence virov\u00e9 infekce detekovan\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed PCR a RT-PCR u pacient\u016f s akutn\u00ed exacerbac\u00ed CHOPN: systematick\u00fd p\u0159ehled. Respirology, v. 15, \u010d. 3, s. 536-542, 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n

NOLAN, T.; HANDS, R. E.; BUSTIN, S. A. Kvantifikace mRNA pomoc\u00ed RT-PCR v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase. Nature Protocols, v. 1, \u010d. 3, s. 1559-1582, p\u0159ed. 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd koronavirus SARS-CoV-2 | Tento p\u0159enosov\u00fd elektronov\u00fd mi... | Flickr. Dispon\u00edvel em: . Acesso em: 23 jul. 2020. <\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11847,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[388,799,554,798,250],"yoast_head":"\nThe RT-PCR Test for Coronavirus - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Read this blog to know everything related to the popular COVID-19 test, RT-PCR or only PCR. You will get in-depth information about this test of Coronavirus.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cs\/rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The RT-PCR Test for Coronavirus - Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Read this blog to know everything related to the popular COVID-19 test, RT-PCR or only PCR. 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. 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