{"id":10456,"date":"2019-09-23T09:21:14","date_gmt":"2019-09-23T12:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=10456"},"modified":"2022-10-14T11:21:45","modified_gmt":"2022-10-14T14:21:45","slug":"immune-cell-signalling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/bg\/%d0%b8%d0%bc%d1%83%d0%bd%d0%bd%d0%be-%d0%ba%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%82%d1%8a%d1%87%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d1%81%d0%b8%d0%b3%d0%bd%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438: \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"

Os gl\u00f3bulos brancos s\u00e3o respons\u00e1veis por defender nosso corpo contra amea\u00e7as, mantendo-nos vivos. <\/span>Mas como essas c\u00e9lulas identificam uma amea\u00e7a? <\/span>Dentro do corpo humano, com trilh\u00f5es de c\u00e9lulas, elas precisam ser espec\u00edficas e precisas. <\/span>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439, eles come\u00e7am a nos atacar por dentro. <\/span>Essa responsabilidade recai sobre os ombros das c\u00e9lulas T, agentes especializados em identificar ant\u00edgenos nocivos e marc\u00e1-los para serem destru\u00eddos. <\/span>Uma das maiores quest\u00f5es sobre a sinaliza\u00e7\u00e3o das c\u00e9lulas imunes \u00e9 como as c\u00e9lulas T distinguem nossas pr\u00f3prias c\u00e9lulas saud\u00e1veis e o que \u00e9 prejudicial para n\u00f3s.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"ativa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/p>\n

Durante o desenvolvimento, o corpo produz milh\u00f5es de c\u00e9lulas T com diferentes tipos de receptores aleatoriamente. <\/span>Afinal, nosso corpo n\u00e3o sabe exatamente o que o futuro reserva. <\/span>Mas h\u00e1 um problema com essa estrat\u00e9gia. <\/span>Produzimos c\u00e9lulas com receptores que identificam pept\u00eddeos que pertencem ao corpo. <\/span>Durante o desenvolvimento, eliminamos a maioria das c\u00e9lulas T que reagem a essas mol\u00e9culas \"pr\u00f3prias\". <\/span>No entanto, alguns deles continuam circulando ao longo da vida, protegendo contra c\u00e9lulas infectadas e anormais sem prejudicar o organismo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O que impede as c\u00e9lulas T de marcar nossas c\u00e9lulas saud\u00e1veis?<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Um novo artigo intitulado Controle optogen\u00e9tico mostra que a revis\u00e3o cin\u00e9tica regula a atividade do receptor de c\u00e9lulas T traz novas evid\u00eancias para essa quest\u00e3o. <\/span>\u0423\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044a\u0440, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 <\/span><\/span>\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 Quanta<\/span><\/span><\/a> \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \" <\/span><\/span>a c\u00e9lula poderia ter alguma maneira de tomar diferen\u00e7as muito, muito pequenas na dura\u00e7\u00e3o da liga\u00e7\u00e3o do receptor e amplificar isso para uma resposta celular muito maior\".<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

A chave para a sinaliza\u00e7\u00e3o das c\u00e9lulas imunes \u00e9 o tempo. <\/span>As subst\u00e2ncias que se ligam aos receptores das c\u00e9lulas T por menos de cinco segundos s\u00e3o consideradas seguras, enquanto as mol\u00e9culas de liga\u00e7\u00e3o mais longa devem ser destru\u00eddas.<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Essa teoria, conhecida como revis\u00e3o cin\u00e9tica, n\u00e3o \u00e9 nova. <\/span>Desde a d\u00e9cada de 90 alguns pesquisadores propuseram o tempo como chave para a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/span><\/span>No entanto, os testes da hip\u00f3tese encontraram correla\u00e7\u00f5es sugestivas entre o tempo de liga\u00e7\u00e3o e a ativa\u00e7\u00e3o das c\u00e9lulas T, exatamente como a revis\u00e3o cin\u00e9tica faria, mas esses m\u00e9todos de teste n\u00e3o conseguiram separar o efeito do tempo dos efeitos de outros fatores biof\u00edsicos, como estruturas mudan\u00e7as nas mol\u00e9culas e diferen\u00e7as na for\u00e7a de liga\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/span><\/span><\/em>Pior, os pesquisadores sabiam que muitos par\u00e2metros potencialmente importantes em jogo que eles n\u00e3o podiam medir ou sequer haviam considerado.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Novos dados optogen\u00e9ticos na sinaliza\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00e9lulas imunes<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0A optogen\u00e9tica \u00e9 um campo de pesquisa que usa a luz para controlar as c\u00e9lulas. <\/span>H\u00e1 cientistas usando o m\u00e9todo para controlar as intera\u00e7\u00f5es prote\u00edna-prote\u00edna em todos os tipos de estudos. <\/span>Agora, duas equipes de pesquisa est\u00e3o usando essa tecnologia para estudar a sinaliza\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00e9lulas imunes, uma com sede na Alemanha e outra em S\u00e3o Francisco. <\/span>Apesar das diferen\u00e7as entre esses dois estudos, os pesquisadores obtiveram resultados semelhantes: quando um evento de liga\u00e7\u00e3o durou mais de cinco segundos, a c\u00e9lula T se tornou ativa, mas n\u00e3o conseguiu faz\u00ea-lo por nada menos do que isso.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Por que isso acontece ainda n\u00e3o est\u00e1 claro. <\/span>Mas os pesquisadores t\u00eam uma dica para responder que: \" <\/span><\/span>A partir do momento em que um receptor de c\u00e9lula T se liga a uma mol\u00e9cula, uma s\u00e9rie de etapas bioqu\u00edmicas irrevers\u00edveis precisam ocorrer antes que a c\u00e9lula seja ativada. Se a mol\u00e9cula se desprender muito cedo durante essa cascata de sinaliza\u00e7\u00e3o , tudo tem que recome\u00e7ar desde o primeiro passo.\".\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Como sempre na ci\u00eancia, uma nova resposta cria v\u00e1rias novas perguntas. <\/span>Sabemos um pouco mais do que antes, mas ainda temos todo um universo desconhecido para explorar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"cuidado<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Os gl\u00f3bulos brancos s\u00e3o respons\u00e1veis por defender nosso corpo contra amea\u00e7as, mantendo-nos vivos. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0430\u0441\u0430? Dentro do corpo humano, com trilh\u00f5es de c\u00e9lulas, elas precisam ser espec\u00edficas e precisas. Caso contr\u00e1rio, eles come\u00e7am a nos atacar por dentro. Essa responsabilidade recai sobre os ombros das c\u00e9lulas T, agentes especializados em [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":10461,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[302,361,360,299,318,354,256],"yoast_head":"\nNew scientific data: time is the immune cell response<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"One of the biggest questions on immune cell signalling is how the T cells distinguish our own healthy cells and what is harmful for us.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/bg\/\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0442\u044a\u0447\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"bg_BG\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" 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